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目 录

摘要................................................................................................................................ 2 Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 3 1概述 ............................................................................................................................. 4

1.1数字图像处理的意义 ...................................................................................... 4 1.2MATLAB简介 ................................................................................................. 4 1.3设计任务 .......................................................................................................... 5 2边缘检测 ..................................................................................................................... 6

2.1图像的边缘 ...................................................................................................... 6 2.2边缘检测的基本步骤 ...................................................................................... 6 2.3边缘检测算法 .................................................................................................. 7

2.3.1Reborts算子 .......................................................................................... 7 2.3.2Sobel算子.............................................................................................. 8 2.3.3Prewitt 算子 ........................................................................................... 8 2.3.4Kirsch 算子 ............................................................................................ 9 2.3.5LOG算子............................................................................................. 10 2.3.6Canny算子 .......................................................................................... 11

3轮廓提取 ................................................................................................................... 12 4实验仿真 ................................................................................................................... 13

4.1 Sobel算子代码.............................................................................................. 13 4.2轮廓提取算法 ................................................................................................ 15 4.3仿真结果及分析 ............................................................................................ 18 5实验小结 ................................................................................................................... 19 6参考文献 ................................................................................................................... 20

摘要

图像边缘是图像最基本的特征之一，往往携带着一幅图像的大部分信息。而边缘存在于图像的不规则结构和不平稳现象中，也即存在于信号的突变点处，这些点给出了图像轮廓的位置，这些轮廓常常是我们在图像边缘检测时所需要的非常重要的一些特征条件，这就需要我们对一幅图像检测并提取出它的边缘。而边缘检测算法则是图像边缘检测问题中经典技术难题之一，它的解决对于我们进行高层次的特征描述、识别和理解等有着重大的影响；又由于边缘检测在许多方面都有着非常重要的使用价值，所以人们一直在致力于研究和解决如何构造出具有良好性质及好的效果的边缘检测算子的问题。

本此实验主要分析几种应用于数字图像处理中的边缘检测算子,根据它们在实践中的应用结果进行研究,主要包括:Robert 边缘算子、Prewitt 边缘算子、Sobel 边缘算子、Kirsch 边缘算子以及Laplacian 算子等对图像及噪声图像的边缘检测,根据实验处理结果讨论了几种检测方法的优劣. 关键词：数字图像处理;边缘检测;算子

Abstract

The edges of the image, one of the basic characteristics of the image tend to carry most of the information in the image. Edge exists in the irregular structure of the image and non-stationary phenomena, i.e. exist in a mutation point of the signal, these points are given the location of the image contours, these contours are often required in image edge detection is very important some of the characteristics of the condition, which we need to detect and extract its edge image. The edge detection algorithm is the classic one of the technical problems of image edge detection problems, the solution for our high-level characterization, recognition and understanding has a significant impact; edge detection are very important in many ways value in use, so people have been devoted to the study and solve the problem of how to construct edge detection operator with a good nature and good results.

This experiment analysis of several used in digital image processing, edge detection operator research results according to their application in practice, including: The Robert Edge Operator child Prewitt edge operator, Sobel edge operator, Kirsch edge operator and Laplacian operator on the image and noise image edge detection discussed the pros and cons of several detection methods, according to the results of the experimental treatment.

Keywords: digital image processing; edge detection; operator