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X62W型万能铣床电气控制系统的PLC改造
摘要
铣床是以各类电动机为动力的传动装置与系统的对象以实现生产过程自动化的技术装置。电气系统是其中的主干部分,在国民经济各行业中的许多部门得到广泛应用。
PLC是可编程控制器的简称,是一种数字运算操作的电子系统,它采用可编程序的储存器,用来在其内部存储执行逻辑运算、顺序控制、定时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令,并通过模拟的或数字的输入和输出接口,控制各种类型的机器设备或生产过程。
在我国70~80年代大多数铣床中,大多数的开关量控制系统都是采用继电器控制,继电器本身固有的缺陷,给铣床的安全和经济运行带来了不利影响。随着科技进步,和PLC技术的成熟,所以对X62W万能铣床进行PLC改造势在必行,是提高机床性能,提升经济效益及产品质量的关键举措。
关键词:X62W铣床;电气控制系统;PLC;梯形图
I
Abstract
Various types of milling machine is a motor-driven gear in order to achieve the objects and systems of production process automation technical devices. Electrical system is one of the backbone part of the national economy in the various industries are widely used in many sectors.
PLC is a programmable controller for short , is a digital computing operation of electrical system .It uses programmable storage devices used in its internal memory implementation of the logical operations, sequential control, timing,counting and arithmetic operations such as instruction, and through analog or digital input and output interfaces to control various types of machinery and equipment or production process.
70 to 80 years in our country most of the milling machine, most of the switch volume control systems are based on the relay control, relay inherent defects, to the milling machine safe and economic operation had a negative impact . As technology advances,and PLC technology matures, so the X62W universal milling machine is imperative for the transformation of PLC is to improve machine performance, enhance economic efficiency and product quality, the key step.
Key words:X62W universal milling machine;Electrical control system; Programmable
Logic Controller;Terraced figure
II
目录
摘要 ............................................................................................................................................ I Abstract ................................................................................................................................... II 前言 ........................................................................................................................................... 1 第一章 铣床简介 ..................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 铣床国内外研究状况和发展趋势 ............................................................................ 2 1.2 铣床简单介绍 ............................................................................................................ 3
1.2.1 铣床的选型及其适用范围 ............................................................................. 3 1.2.2 X62W万能铣床的特点 ................................................................................. 3
第二章 X62W万能铣床的概述 ............................................................................................. 4
2.1 X62W万能铣床电力拖动的特点及控制要求 ........................................................ 4 2.2 X62W万能铣床电器元件设备及参数 .................................................................... 4 2.3 X62W万能铣床的主要结构及运动形式 ................................................................ 5 第三章 PLC控制与电气控制的区别 ...................................................................................... 7
3.1 PLC的基本特点 ......................................................................................................... 7 3.2 PLC控制与电气控制的综合比较 ............................................................................. 7 第四章 X62W万能铣床传统继电器的电气控制原理 ......................................................... 9
4.1 电气原理图 ................................................................................................................ 9 4.2 主电路分析 .............................................................................................................. 10 4.3 控制电路分析 .......................................................................................................... 11
4.3.1 主轴电机M1的控制.................................................................................... 11 4.3.2 进给电动机M2的控制................................................................................ 12 4.3.3 冷却泵电动机及照明电路的控制 ............................................................... 15
第五章 X62W万能铣床基于PLC改造的硬件设计 .......................................................... 16
5.1 改造设计中PLC的选型 ......................................................................................... 16
5.1.1输入输出(I/O)点数的估算 ...................................................................... 16 5.1.2存储器容量的估算 ........................................................................................ 16 5.1.3控制功能的选择 ............................................................................................ 16
5.1.4 安装与布线 ................................................................................................... 17 5.2 X62W万能铣床基于PLC控制电路的改造 ......................................................... 19 5.3 现场信号与PLC软继电器对照表(I/O地址分配表) ...................................... 21 5.4 整个PLC控制系统的抗干扰设计 .......................................................................... 21
5.4.1安装场所的选择 ............................................................................................ 22 5.4.2电源干扰的抑制 ............................................................................................ 22 5.4.3完善接地系统 ................................................................................................ 22
第六章 X62W万能铣床基于PLC改造的软件设计 .......................................................... 23
6.1 PLC梯形图 .............................................................................................................. 23 6.2 PLC程序表 .............................................................................................................. 26 结论 ......................................................................................................................................... 29 参考 ......................................................................................................................................... 30 致谢 ......................................................................................................................................... 31
基于PLC的X62W铣床电气系统控制
前言
本设计讲述了x62w万能铣床电气控制的工作原理,说明了用PLC改造的具体方法,从而提高整个电气控制系统的性能。
铣床是用铣刀对工件进行铣削加工的机床。铣床除能铣削平面,沟槽,齿轮,螺纹和花键轴外,还能加工比较复杂的型面,效率较刨床高,在机械制造和修理部门得到广泛应用。最早的铣床的美国人惠特尼于1818年创制的卧式铣床;为了铣削麻花钻头的螺旋槽,美国人布朗于1862年创制了第一台万能铣床,这是升降台铣床的雏形;1884年又出现了龙门铣床;二十世纪20年代出现了半自动铣床,工作台利用挡块可完成“进给-快速”或“快速-进给”的自动转换,1950年以后,铣床在控制系统方面发展很快,数字控制的应用大大的提高了铣床的自动化程度。尤其是70年代以后,微处理机的数字控制系统和自动换刀系统在铣床上得到应用,扩大了铣床的加工范围,提高了加工精度和效率[1]。
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