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Contents

Abstract（Chinese）.........................................................................................................................2 Abstract（English）......................................................................................................................3 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................4 1.1 Background of the Research......................................................................................................4 1.2 Purpose of the Research.............................................................................................................4 2. The Presentation of Deformed Maternal Love in Beloved....................................................5 2.1 Sethe's Love to Beloved............................................................................................................5 2.2 Beloved's Love to Sethe.............................................................................................................5 3. The Formation of Deformed maternal love.............................................................................5 3.1 Deprivation of Nurturing Nature...............................................................................................6 3.2 Abandonment of Sethe by Her Mother......................................................................................7 3.3 The Slavery Background on the Deformed Maternal Love.......................................................9 4. The Role of Black Community in Deformed Maternal Love Formation.............................9 4.1 The Two-Sidedness of Black Community...............................................................................10 4.2 The Black Community's Exclusion of Sethe...........................................................................11 4.3 The Significance of Sisterhood in Black Community.............................................................12 4.4 Men's Role in Black Community.............................................................................................13 5. Conclusion................................................................................................................................14 Bibliography.................................................................................................................................16 Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................17

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论托尼·莫里森小说《宠儿》中的畸形母爱

摘 要

作为第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人女作家，托尼·莫里森对当代文学，尤其是黑人文学做出了巨大的贡献。《宠儿》是托尼·莫里森的第五部小说，她也是凭此获得了诺贝尔文学奖。人们从各个不同角度研究这部小说，比如女性主义、心理分析、文化研究，其中畸形母爱是人们研究较多的主题之一。本论文旨在全面研究导致畸形母爱的主要影响因素，但不同于以往学者，论文在分析其他常见的三个因素之外，着重研究黑人社区对母爱的影响。

本文在全面揭示母女关系的基础上，提出并剖析造成畸形母爱的四种原因。前三个原因分别是：黑人女性养育天性的剥夺、赛思的母爱缺乏、以及奴隶制。第四个原因是社区对母爱的影响，论文特别给予重点讨论。在论述社区作用的双面性的基础之上，论文深入探讨社区对赛思的隔离，“姐妹情谊”在黑人社区的重要作用，男性对畸形母爱发展的影响。通过这些方面的论述，本文揭示了社区影响对走出畸形母爱的重要作用。

关键词：宠儿；奴隶制；母性；社区

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Deformed Maternal Love in Toni Morrison's Beloved

Abstract

As the first black woman writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature, Toni Morrison makes immensurable contributions to the contemporary literature, especially black woman literature. Beloved is Toni Morrison's fifth novel, by which Morrison got Nobel Prize in 1993. This novel is studied from different perspectives by researchers, such as feminism, psychoanalysis, cultural study and so on. Among all the topics，the deformed maternal love is one of the most hotly discussed. This thesis is intended to analyze the causes of the deformed maternal love in Beloved. Different from other previous studies, this thesis places special emphasis on the influence of black community on the maternal love.

This thesis will give a detailed introduction of mother-daughter relationship in the novel, and then analyzes four causes of deformed maternal love in Beloved. The first three are deprivation of nurturing nature, Sethe's lack of mother love, and the slavery system. The fourth cause in Beloved is the influence of black community on maternal love, which will be attached much importance in this paper. With talking about the two-sidedness of black community, the paper probes into the black community's exclusion of Sethe, the importance of sisterhood and the men's influence on the development of deformed maternal love. From these aspects, the thesis analyzes the black community's influence on women's getting rid of the deformed maternal love.

Key words: Beloved; slavery; maternal love; community

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Deformed Maternal Love in Toni Morrison's Beloved

论托尼·莫里森小说《宠儿》中的畸形母爱

姓名：张路 班级：08英语本科2班 学号：0805111040

指导老师：解燕 职称：助教

1. Introduction

1.1 Background of the Research

A brief introduction to these studies on Morrison and her works seems to be inevitable. Generally speaking, Morrison's earlier novels in the 1970s often invite feminist approaches, and later deconstruction is a tool frequently used by critics with feminist or anthropological perspectives. Critics often concerned themselves with Morrison's use of mythic structure and the subject of female self-discovery in her novels. Most notably are Jacqeline de Weever, Cynthia Davis and Jane S. Bakeman. Psychoanalytic perspective on Toni Morrison's fiction developed in the mid-1980s, but it is only more recently that critics have pursued their psychoanalytic criticism within a poststructuralist framework. In the 1980s, a new development in cultural criticism of Morrison's work came with an increasing focus on her characters standing at the interface of two or more cultures, just as criticism of Tar Baby has shown, Doreatha Mbalia provides a sustained Marxist discussion of Morrison's work in Toni Morrison's Development of Class-Consciousness(1991). Identifying the principal enemies of the African American as capitalism and imperialism, Mbalia discovers in Morrison's traditional African society positive Marxist principles: humanism, collectivism and egalitarianism. Later preoccupations of anthropological and cultural critical approaches to Morrison's work have been her use of black community, myth, jazz and blues aesthetics. During the 1990s, narratology, feminism and cultural critical approaches to Morrison's fiction focus on narrative strategies and female discourses. Just as Linden Peach summaries in his revised edition of Toni Morrison (2000), the latest development in Morrison criticism is the tendency to stress the interconnection of history, memory and trauma in Morrison's work. 1.2 Purpose of the Research

As the first African American Nobel Prize laureate in literature, Toni Morrison has exerted great influence on the literary world. Her achievement in fiction and literary criticism has created much space for black and feminist literature. Her novels have inspired a large quantity of reviews, essays and studies on various subjects.

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