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Module 2 Friendship
Unit 3 Language in use
【学习目标】
1、能够掌握宾语从句的基本用法。 2、能用宾语从句进行听、说、读、写。
3、能在学习语法的过程中,学会一些区分与归纳的学习方法。 【课前准备】
学生课前齐读本模块的词汇。 两人一组检查词汇掌握情况。 【学习过程】 1、新知导入。
(1)介绍:a. I know that your father is a doctor.
Betty thinks that it is going to rain this afternoon. b. He asks whether/if we’ll go fishing on Sunday. He doesn’t know whether /if they will plant trees on Saturday or not.
c. He asks where the nearest book shop is. Can you tell me how I can get to the station? (2)归纳:请仔细观察以上例句,回答下列问题: 以上三组例句均属宾语从句, 宾语从句由哪些连词引导? 2、语法讲解:
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宾语从句的具体用法如下:
(一)宾语从句通常由以下连词所引导:
(1)由_________引导时,它无实义,常省略。例如:
She says ________ she will leave a message. 她说她将留言。 (2)由____或________ 引导。其意义是_______ 例如:
He asked me if/whether I could speak English. 他问我是否会说英语。 I wonder if/whether he is a teacher. 我想知道他是否是一名教师。 (3)由连接代词(what, which, who, whom, whose)或连接副词(how, where, when, why)引导的宾语从句。例如:
I can't understand _________ you said. 我不能理解你说的话。 He wanted to know ______the building would be set up. 他想知道这座楼房何时建成。
(二)主句与宾语从句的时态关系
主句与宾语从句的时态关系有以下三种情况:
(1)若主句用了现在时,则宾语从句可用其所需要的任何时态。例如: I think he often _________ books. ( read ) 我认为他经常读书。 I think he ____________ here tomorrow. ( come) 我认为明天他会来这儿。
He says that they ___________in Tokyo yesterday. (arrive )他说他们昨天到达了东京。
I'm sure that Linda ____________ there before. ( be ) 我确信琳达以前去过那儿。
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(2)若主句用了过去时,则宾语从句需用 过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)的某种形式。例如: He said he ______ right. ( be ) 他说他是正确的。
He said he ___________ TV at that time. ( watch) 他说在那时他正在看电视。
Tom told me that he ______ to Mount Tai. ( travel ) 汤姆告诉我他将去泰山旅游。
(3)若宾语从句陈述的是 客观真理、客观事实、科学原理、格言、谚语等,则不受主句时态的限制,通常用 一般现在时。例如:
The teacher told us that the earth ____round the sun. ( move)老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
He said one and one _______ two. ( be) 他说一加一等于二。 (4) 注意语序, 无论从句是什么句式,宾语从句必须是_________语序。
Did you hear what I had said?
I want to know if the train leaves at six p.m.. He asked who the boy was looking for. I don’t know when he arrived.
(5)if和whether引导宾语从句通常可互换,但在下列情况下只可用whether。
①介词后的宾语从句 ②直接与or not连用
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