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目录
第1章 绪论 ···································································································· 1
背景 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 第2章 压片样机概述······················································································· 4
2.1 主要用途及使用范围 ·············································································· 4 2.2 压片机的主要型式 ················································································· 5 2.3 精密样品压片机简介 ·············································································· 5 2.4 精密样品压片机的结构 ··········································································· 6 第3章 压片样机总体方案设计 ·········································································· 8
3.1 压片样机的功能要求 ·············································································· 8 3.2 工艺分析 ····························································································· 8 3.3 确定压片机主要构件 ·············································································· 9
3.3.1 液压泵的选择 ··············································································· 9 3.3.2 液压缸的选择 ·············································································· 12 3.3.3 压样模具的设计 ··········································································· 13 3.4 压片机的传动原理设计 ·········································································· 14 3.5 液压系统的油路控制设计 ······································································· 16 第4章 主要机构设计和参数计算 ······································································ 18
4.1 液压缸的设计计算 ················································································ 18 4.2 液压泵的参数计算 ················································································ 22 4.3 电动机的选择 ······················································································ 24 4.4 联轴器的选择 ······················································································ 25 4.5 油箱的设计及液压介质的选用 ································································· 26
4.5.1 油箱容量的确定 ··········································································· 26 4.5.2液压介质的选用 ············································································ 26
第5章 主要零件的强度校核 ············································································ 28
5.1 上横梁的强度校核 ················································································ 28 5.2 左立柱的强度校核 ················································································ 29 5.3 液压缸套筒和下横梁联接的可靠性检测 ····················································· 30 5.4 键的选择及强度校核 ············································································· 31
5.4.1选择键联接的类型和尺寸 ································································ 31 5.4.2 键联接强度计算 ··········································································· 32
结 论 ··········································································································· 34 致谢 ·············································································································· 35 参考文献 ········································································································ 36
第1章 绪论
引言
压片机与压片技术是医药制剂工业中最普遍的亦是最重要的，尽管压片机从19世纪初已经出现，但是至今，新的压片机及压片技术仍在不断的涌现。近十年来，随着GMP改造在我国的推进，压片机及压片技术亦获得了快速的发展，中国的压片机制造商已有近三十多家，能够生产高速压片机的亦有5-6家之多，然而长期以来，由于基础研究的薄弱，人才的贫乏以及缺乏完善的创新机制，因此与国外的先进的压片机及压 片技术还存在很大的差距。近年来，密闭性、模块化、自动化、规划化及先进的检测技术将是压片机与压片技术最主要的发展方向，压片机将朝着完善生产不断的进步。
1）向高速高产发展是压片机首要的发展方向
高速高产量是压片机生产商多年以来始终追求的目标，目前世界上主要的压片机厂商都拥有每小时产量达到100万片的压片机。
目前国内行业标准中规定高速压片机的转台节圆线速度应超过60 m/min。按这个标准，目前国外生产的压片机大多数均超过这个速度，有些压片机的转台节圆线速度已达200m/min。
如：Manestry公司生产的Xpress 700型压片机最高产量达100万片/h；
Korsch 公司生产的XL800型压片机最高产量达102万片/h； Courtoy 公司生产的 ModulD 型压片机最高产量达107万片/h； Fette 公司生产的4090 i 型压片机最高产量达150万片/h； 为了提高产量，国外不少压片机的转台越做越大，冲位数亦越来越多，当然机器的尺寸亦会越来越大。
例如：Fette公司的4090i 型压片机转台节径达1060mm，最大冲位数为122 冲，外形尺寸为1810×1810×2240 mm。主电机功率为 18.5kW。
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Korsch 公司的XL 800 型压片机转台节径达840 mm，最大冲位数为95 冲，TRP 700/900型压片机的转台节径为 780/1000mm。
Courtoy生产的ModulD 型压片机最大冲位数达89冲。 2）全封闭的一体化的片剂成型系统是压片机的一个主要发展方向。
当今的片剂设备面临着两个主要矛盾：一是在安全有效地生产出更多药品的同时，不断降低生产成本；二是在大批量规模化生产的同时亦要考虑最大的灵活性。目前国外的压片机十分注重输入、输出环节的密闭性，尽可能的减少交叉污染及粉尘飞扬，而国内的压片机大多数这个过程是敞开的。全封闭的、一体化的片剂成型系统包括：上料、压片、除尘、筛片、检测等多台设备，以及这些设备的联接。
3）集成化、模块化使得压片机的发展取得巨大的成功。 Fette 公司新近也研发了一款新的压片机，其核心在于用冲盘组件来代替传统的冲模台板，而后者 需要逐一把每一只冲模装入冲模台板中，再用螺钉逐一紧固。如此在更换产品或清洗上下场时非常耗 时，新一款的压片机只需要3～5个冲盘组件，每个组件只需2个卡箍和2个螺钉紧固即可。这些独立的冲盘组件均有硬度，上面可以按所需压片的模腔 尺寸直接做在冲模台板上，而不再有分列的中模。 用这种技术带来的优势是：①大大节约了拆卸装配 所需的时间，据统计可节约 88 ％的时间。②清洁效果更佳。③产品损失少。④生产能力更高。⑤设备 磨损小，维护简单。这项技术由 Fette 公司独创，技 术上处于领先地位
4）新颖的压片机及压片技术层出不穷。
1、增加预压力，改善压片质量是众多压片机厂商推出新产品时所共同考虑的，同时主压和预压一样，给装配调整、制造、产品类型都会带来很大的方便。
2、为了最大程度的提高设备利用率，降低设备使用成本，使设备的清洁更规范，WIP在位清洗的理念在更多的压片机上得到了贯彻。国外先进的压片机厂商还十分注重顶出力的研究，不少规格和型
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号的压片机已在控制系统中增加了顶出力显示。
我国压片机和压片技术虽然发展很快，成就很大，但与发达国家相比，无论在产品品种、技术水平和产品质量方面都有很大差距。发达国家已将微机控制、电子记录、电子签名、远程调制调解等高新技术成熟的应用于压片技术，而这些高新技术在我国压片行业才刚刚开始采用；我国的压片产品品种缺口约30％～40％，压片机产品的性能及质量有一定差距。
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第2章 压片样机概述
2.1 主要用途及使用范围
压片机是片剂生产中必不可少的设备其是将颗粒或粉状物料置于模孔内右冲头压制成片剂的设备，它是一种电动连续冲压机(无电时也可手摇压片) ，利用液压系统传递动力，将一定量的粉体物料在高压力下压制成形。能将各种颗粒状、晶体状或者流动性好的粉状原料压制成圆片状、圆柱状、球状、凸面、凹面和其他各种几何形状的产品(如方形、三角、椭圆、囊形等)，还可压制带有文字、商标、图案的产品，适合于制药、保健品、食品、农业、化工、电子电池、冶金陶瓷等行业作为小批量生产和科研实验教学使用。
由于压片机在医药制剂工业上的重要作用，近年来在压片机的研究方面取得了很大的成果。例如在产量方面，Manestry公司生产的 Xpress 700型压片机最高产量达100万片/h；Korsch公司生产的XL800型压片机最高产量达102万片/h；Courtoy公司生产的ModulD 型压片机最高产量达107万片/h；Fette公司生产的4090 i 型压片机最高产量达 150万片/h；在集成化和模块化方面，Courtoy公司、Fette公司的压片机获得巨大进步，位于比利时布鲁塞尔的世界著名压片机制造商Courtoy 公司的ModulD 型压片机采用集成组合的设计技术，压片机上靠近转台所有接触成品的零部件 都可装在一个可以更换的压缩的模块化组件ECM 上，这使压片机的变型或上下场更加迅速。通常国内的高速旋转式压片机以及由Fette、Korsch、Maestry 等著名压片机公司生产的压片机，药片的片重差异控制均由主压处的压力传感器来控制。最近Courtoy公司在旋转式压片机上采用与上述原理不同的方法来控制药片的重量。这种原理的基础是测量固定压力下的厚度变化，而不是固定厚度下的压力变化，并且测量是在预压处进行的，而非一般的压片机在主压处。这个原理最重要的特点是测量的厚度与所控制的重量之间呈线性关系。
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