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Transitional words and phrases

Transitional words and phrases signal specific kinds of relationships between the parts of sentences, between sentences in a paragraph, and between paragraphs in a longer composition.

Here are some of the most common transitional words and phrases and the relationships they show. 1. To show addition:

and, too, also, again, as well as, besides, in addition, moreover, further, furthermore, both…and…, not only…but also...

2. To show concession:

although, though, even though, even if, granted that, （即使…假定…。，就算…）, in spite of, despite 3. To show time

once, before, after, afterward, always, when, at once, as soon as, to begin with, first (second, third), in the meantime, in the past (future), later, then, next, until, at last, finally, eventually, from then on, since then 4. To show place

in front of, on the other side, behind, inside, outside, nearby, next to, opposite, beyond, below, under, at this point 5.To show result

so, thus, hence, as a result, for this reason, consequently, accordingly, therefore 6. To compare and contrast

similarly, in the same way, likewise, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, but, yet, nevertheless 7. To illustrate or explain

for example, for instance, namely, in particular, such as, that is, to illustrate 8. To emphasize:

indeed, in fact, above all, of course, unquestionably, most important, last but not least, specifically

9. To summarize:

in brief, in other words, in short, as has been said, on the whole, to sum up, in conclusion

Practice 1:

Read the following paragraph and identify the transitional words in it.

Nowadays, under the new tuition system, an increasing number of students, especially those poverty-stricken students, now seem to be defeated by the crushing tuition burden. Therefore , many people complain that the new tuition system keeps poverty-stricken students

away from college. However , in my opinion, the new tuition system does add much difficulties to the poor students but it will never keeps them away from college. First, in carrying out the new tuition system, the governmental should provide some special policy for poor students. Besides, they are entitled to take a loan from banks or do some part-time jobs during their spare time, such as weekends and holidays. Finally, they can try to win scholarship by additional efforts. In short , man proposes, and God disposes.（谋事在人，成事在天。） No one will be kept out of college due to financial burden unless he is defeated by himself. Pracice 2:

Supply the transitions that have been left out of the following paragraph. Then reread the paragraph and note how the transitional expressions contribute to coherence

both... and… on the other hand therefore To begin with Besides Most important of all To make matters worse

ATM has ______ favorable _____ unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows. First, it’s convenient. Depositors can draw money from an ATM without filling in a drawing form or showing the ID card._________, it’s safe. Depositors needn’t carry