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四轴飞行器的建模与仿真

摘要

四旋翼飞行器是一种能够垂直起降的多旋翼飞行器,它非常适合近地侦察、监视的任务,具有广泛的军事和民事应用前景。本文根据对四旋翼飞行器的机架结构和动力学特性做详尽的分析和研究,在此基础上建立四旋翼飞行器的动力学模型。四旋翼飞行器有各种的运行状态,比如:爬升、下降、悬停、滚转运动、俯仰运动、偏航运动等。本文采用动力学模型来描述四旋翼飞行器的飞行姿态。在上述研究和分析的基础上,进行飞行器的建模。动力学建模是通过对飞行器的飞行原理和各种运动状态下的受力关系以及参考牛顿-欧拉模型建立的仿真模型，模型建立后在Matlab/simulink软件中进行仿真。 关键字:四旋翼飞行器,动力学模型，Matlab/simulink

Modeling and Simulating for a quad-rotor

aircraft

ABSTRACT

The quad-rotor is a VTOL multi-rotor aircraft. It is very fit for the kind of reconnaissance mission and monitoring task of near-Earth, so it can be used in a wide range of military and civilian applications. In the dissertation, the detailed analysis and research on the rack structure and dynamic characteristics of the laboratory four-rotor aircraft is showed in the dissertation. The dynamic model of the four-rotor aircraft areestablished. It also studies on the force in the four-rotor aircraft flight principles and course of the campaign to make the research and analysis. The four-rotor aircraft has many operating status, such as climbing, downing, hovering and rolling movement, pitching movement and yawing movement. The dynamic model is used to describe the four-rotor aircraft in flight in the dissertation. On the basis of the above analysis, modeling of the aircraft can be made. Dynamics modeling is to build models under the principles of flight of the aircraft and a variety of state of motion, and Newton - Euler model with reference to the four-rotor aircraft.Then the simulation is done in the software of Matlab/simulink. Keywords: Quad-rotor，The dynamic mode, Matlab/simulink

目录

一． 引言 ................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 简介 ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.2研究背景 ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.3目标和内容 ................................................................................................................. 2 二．飞行器建模 ....................................................................................................................... 2

2.1 机体质心运动模型 .................................................................................................... 2 2.2 机体角运动模型 ........................................................................................................ 4 三．仿真与分析 ....................................................................................................................... 6

3.1仿真平台和参数选取 ................................................................................................. 6 3.2仿真过程 ..................................................................................................................... 8

3.2.1飞行器的升降运动仿真 .......................................................................................... 8 3.2.2飞行器的滚转运动仿真 .......................................................................................... 9 3.2.3飞行器的俯仰运动仿真 .......................................................................................... 9 3.2.4飞行器的偏航运动 ................................................................................................ 10 3.3 仿真结果分析 .......................................................................................................... 11 四．结论 ................................................................................................................................. 12

参考文献 ......................................................................................................................... 13

一．引言

1.1 简介

四旋翼飞行器也称为四轴飞行器，是一种有4个螺旋桨且螺旋桨呈十字形交叉的飞行

器，可以实现各种的运行状态,如:爬升、下降、悬停、滚转运动、俯仰运动、偏航运动等 四旋翼飞行器是一种无人机，无人机和有人飞机比较,具有体积相对较小,造价也比载人机低很多,使用非常的方便,在各种复杂的作战环境都可以进行作战等优点。无人机的优点备受世界各国军队的喜爱,在几次局部战争中,无人机都得以应用。无人机的准确度、高效性以及灵便的侦查能力得到了充分的发挥,并且引起了对无人机的军事应用和装备技术等相关问题的研究和发展。在21世纪的陆地战争、海洋战争甚至是在空中的战争,已经出现了很多的无人驾驶的武器,自行进行攻击的武器。无人机在其中占据了一个非常重要的角色,并且会在未来的军事战争中产生巨大的影响。

四旋翼飞行器是一种能够实现垂直的起降具有四个旋翼的飞行器,它分为两种，一种是用遥控器进行遥控的,另外一种是可以实现自主控制自主飞行。从总体的布局上来看,四旋翼飞行器是属于非共轴的多旋翼飞行器。与传统的旋翼飞机相比较而言,一方面机体的结构相对更为紧凑,另一方面旋翼的增多会产生更大的升力。由于四旋翼的前后与左右的旋翼转向相反,这样就可以抵消反扭力矩,因此就不需要去设置专门的尾桨来平衡机体的反力矩。小型的多旋翼飞行器可以对近地而的环境进行监视和侦察,利用摄像头可以实现实吋的摄像与航拍。

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