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高三英语二轮 短文改错专题 高三英语组编制

专题五 短文改错专题

一、考纲要求

根据考试大纲的说明，短文改错是写作的第一节，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。要求考生根据短文，对每个句子进行判断，如有错即将其改正。

从近三年全国卷九套试题的短文改错中，可以看出：

1．长度：短文有7～10句话，含93～119个词。 2．内容：类似学生习作，贴近学生生活。 3．体裁：最近几年都是记叙文。

4．考点：几乎涉及考纲所列的所有语法项目：名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词、谓语动词(包括时态、语态、主谓一致、情态动词和虚拟语气)、非谓语动词、词性误用、比较等级、常用词语辨析等。

错词 考点 年份/卷别 名冠数代介词 词 词 词 词 形容词 1 / 1 1 1 2 / / 2 时副态词 语态 1 / 1 1 / / 1 ,/ 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 非谓语 1 1 1 1 / / / 1 1 情连态词 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 / / / / / / / / 2 / 1 / / / / 1 / 1 1 / / / 1 1 / / / 1 1 / / / 1 1 1 / / / / / 1 / / / / / / / / / / / 1 / / 冠代介副连词 动词 词 词 词 词 多词、缺词 不定系动二、命题规律

5．考法

(1)错误类型：错1个词、多1个词、少1个词的比例是8∶1∶1。 (2)每句话中最多设2处错。即有的句子无错，有的有1处，有的有2处。 (3)需要变形的词通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词。

(4)少了一个词，要求添加的词有冠词、介词、连词、不定式符号to、人称代词、物主代词等。

(5)多了一个词，要求删除的词有冠词、介词、连词、不定式符号to、助动词、副词等。

(6)标点符号、单词拼写、大小写和词序等不设错。

短文改错的宗旨是考查考生在语篇中发现、判断、纠正错误的能力，检测考生对所学知识的运用能力。预计2019年高考英语短文改错仍将以记叙文为主；题材也会保持稳定，一般涉及学生个人的情感与经历、学校生活、人物故事、人与自然等。短文改错的考点涉及词法、句法和行文逻辑，其中句法是考生备考的重点。[解题流程]

式 词 / 1 1 / 1 / / / / / 1 / / / / / / / Ⅰ 2018 Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ 2017 Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ 2016 Ⅱ Ⅲ 1 2 1 1 1 / 1 1 1 / 1 / / 1 / 1 / / / / / 1 / / / / / 1 1 1 / 1 1 1 2 1 / 1 / 1 / / / ,/ 1 全国卷3年考点分布表

务实 精细 创新 专注 谦逊

铁力市第一中学 高三英语二轮 短文改错专题 高三英语组编制

三、 技巧点拨

题型一 根据词法解决词法类的测试题

词法的测试包括：名词的单复数和名词的所有格；定冠词和不定冠词的用法；动词的时态、语态、语气和非谓语动词；情态动词；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词与副词的区别及其比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。词法错误类在短文改错题中占很大的比例，我们需要特别注意。对于这类题，我们要仔细分析句子成分，细心观察，并在平时学习过程中多积累语言知识。

(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)After supper，we would play card games of all sort in

the sitting room.

(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just

begin.

(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the

middle of the road.

(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I

took driving lessons.

题型二 根据句法解决句法类的测试题

句法的测试包括：固定句型；主谓一致；名词性从句中的连接词的运用，定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词的运用和强调句等；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。这些错误通常与句子成分的分析紧密相关，所以难度较大。

(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The games my parents taught me where I was a child

turned out to be very useful later in my life.

(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in

the past few years.

(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！”

“Slow down！” “Turning left！”

(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in

my life at that time...

题型三 根据语篇解决语篇类的测试题

语篇的测试包括：上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。判断这类错误，要从上下文、惯用法、主从复合句的句意来找到错误。若为并列句，要从上下文来判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是其他关系，从而选择恰当的连词。 若为复合句，应首先判断属于哪一种从句，然后根据主、从句之间的逻辑关系判断连接词的使用正确与否。

(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.

(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your

high school days.

(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructor's

orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.

四、真题研究

题目要求：假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(\\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

务实 精细 创新 专注 谦逊

[短文改错] 题型突破 揭示命题热点 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

A

(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.

B

(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)When I was little, Friday's night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.

C

(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework, but I was shy. I was

afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said，“The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” Immediate, I raised my hand.

D

(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.

E

(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden , that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside , they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！

五、提升训练