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定语从句 知识导图 引入 Mary is a girl who is happy. ? 概念 定语从句:在复合句中起形容词作用,作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词:连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词。
注意: 关系词指代先行词,并在句子起连接作用,连接主句和从句,同时又在定语从句中充当成分(主、宾、表、状等) 关系词根据其在从句中所充当的成分可以分为: 关系代词:在从句中做 主、宾、表、定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as) 关系副词:在从句中作状语 (When/where/why) 关系代词和关系副词用法 先行词 人 关系代词 who 从句中的成分 This is the doctor who saved who在从句中做主语 主、宾、表 the boy’s life. whom在从句中做宾语, 这就是救了孩子生命的医生。 口语中who可以代替whom也可以被省去, 但做介词宾语时只能用whwhom只能作宾语可省去 which充当宾语时, 可以省去。 which做介词宾语, 不可省去。 w例句 备注 物 She is the new student whom I whom 宾 want to introduce to you. 她就是我要介绍给你的新学生 Please pass me the book which which 主、宾、表 is lying on the table. 请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。 The novel which Tom bought is very interesting. 人、物 that 汤姆买的小说很有意思 The woman that is playing the that作宾语时可以省去 主、宾、表 piano is Miss Zhang. 正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。 I’d like to see the films that are just on show.
whose 定语 我想看那些刚上映的电影。 The bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired. 那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。 =The bike the brake of which was damaged has now been repaired whose在从句中做定语 指某人时,也可以用 …of whom/ the+名词+of who代替whose 指物时也可以用, …of which/the+名词of which代替 whose as 主、宾、表 This is the same book as I lost yesterday. 这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样。 He gets up early ,as is always his habit. 他总是早起床,这是他的习惯 一般不可以省去 先行词 时间 关系副词 when 从句中的成分 例句 备注 We’ll never forget the day when 时间状语 the People’s Republic of China when=on/in/at/during等介词 was founded. +which 我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。 This is the room where he put 地点状语 up for the night. where=in/at/on/under等介词 这就是他渡过夜晚的那房子。 +which I know the reason why she why=for which 原因状语 studies so well. 我知道她学习好的原因。 地点 where 原因 why