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东大15秋学期《大学英语(三)》在线作业2满分答案

阅读理解 单选题 完型填空

一、阅读理解（共 4 道试题，共 40 分。） 1.

Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and earn income. This definition

includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment, so it includes employees and the self-employed.

Labor is one of the country’s resources which can be combined with other resources to produce the goods and

services required by the community.

Though the size of the workforce relies on the size of the total population, there are several other aspects which also

affect it. The age distribution of the total population has a very marked effect on the available workforce. If the

population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work, then the available workforce

would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution. If the population grows rapidly from natural

increase, i.e. the number of births greatly exceeds the number of deaths, then as a total population increases the

proportion in the workforce declines.

Sometimes a population is described as aging, which means the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly, and

as people retire from the workforce there are inadequate numbers of young people entering it to take the place of

those who are leaving it. The population is top-heavy with older people. So the percentage of the population in the

workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate.

The age distribution of population has several important influences on the economy. If the population is aging and

there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the

workforce, this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services for the

retired group. If the aged are to be cared for in special homes or hotels, finance must be available for that purpose. If

the size of the workforce is little relative to the total population, then the government tax receipts are relatively low

and either the government has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.

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1). Labor force is composed of ______.

A. people who are available to work and earn income B. self-employed people only

C. only those who are looking for an employment D. only the employees -----------------选择：A

2). The factor which does NOT influence the size of the workforce is ______. A. the size of population

B. age distribution of the population C. national economy D. natural increase -----------------选择：C

3). The conclusion which can be drawn safely from the second paragraph is that ______. A. a population growth from natural increase leads to a greater proportion of the workforce B. a large population does not necessarily mean a higher proportion of workforce

C. the larger the number of the aged in a population, the higher the proportion of the workforce D. if the population has an evenly spread age distribution, the work force will be lower

-----------------选择：B

4). When a population is said to be aging, ______.

A. more people are retiring than people entering the workforce B. the birth rate is growing

C. there is an oversupply of workforce D. young people outnumber old people -----------------选择：A

5). The population which is top-heavy with older people poses a problem to ______. A. the government B. the economy C. the workforce D. all of the above -----------------选择：D

2. April Fool’s Day is traditionally a day to play practical jokes on others, send people on fool’s errands（差事）,

and fool the unsuspecting. No one knows how this holiday began but it was thought to have originated in France. The

closest point in time that can be identified as the beginning of this tradition was in 1582, in France. New Year was

celebrated on March 25 and celebrations lasted until April 1st. When New Year’s Day as changed from March 25 to

January 1st in the mid-1560’s by King Charles IX, there were some people who still celebrated it on April 1st and

those people were called April Fools.

Tricks performed on April Fool’s Day range from the simple to the elaborate. Setting a roommate’s alarm clock back

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an hour is common. The news media even gets involved. For instance, a British short film once shown on April

Fool’s Day was a fairly detailed documentary about “spaghetti farmers” and how they harvest their crop from the

spaghetti trees. Whatever the prank, the trickster usually ends it by yelling to his victim, “April Fool!” April Fool’s Day is a “for-fun-only” observance. Nobody is expected to buy gifts or to take their “significant other” out to eat in

a fancy restaurant. Nobody gets off work or school. It’s simply a fun little holiday, but a holiday on which one must

remain forever vigilant（警惕的）, for he may be the next April Fool!

Each country celebrates April Fool’s differently. In France, the April Fool’s is called “April Fish”. The French fool

their friends by taping a paper fish to their friends’ backs. In England, tricks can be played only in the morning. If a

trick is played on you, you are a “noodle”.

1). April Fool’s Day was first celebrated in_________. A. England B. America C. France D. Rome

-----------------选择：C

2). According to the old calendar, April 1st was_________. A. April Fool’s Day B. New Year’s Day C. New Year’s Eve D. a regular day

-----------------选择：B

3). Which is NOT the custom of April Fool’s Day? A. Calling victims of tricks April Fools. B. Playing tricks on somebody.

C. Eating out with their family. D. Celebrating this day just for fun. -----------------选择：C

4). It can be inferred that on April Fool’s Day people tend to ______. A. be on guard B. feel annoyed C. feel scared D. be at their best

-----------------选择：A

5). It can be concluded that ______.

A. those who are mentally slow are called April Fools

B. people have been celebrating April Fool’s Day for well over five centuries