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2019年自考《美国文学选读》试题及答案

1、The Colonial Period (1607-1765)

American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th)

北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响(metaphysical) 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period

Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源

3、American Romanticism（end of 18 th to the civil war )

American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature.

早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature 短篇小说

James Fenimore Cooper 历史，冒险，边疆小说《The Leather-stocking Tales>文明发展对大自然的摧残与破坏

William Cullen Bryant 美国第一个浪漫主义诗人《To a Waterfowl>美国山水，讴歌大自然，歌颂美国生活现实 Edgar Allan Poe ---(48 poems,70 short stories)

He greatly influenced the devotees of “Art for art’s sake.” He was father of psychoanalytic criticism , and the detective story. Ralph

Waldo

Emerson---The

chief

spokesman

of

New

England Transcendentalism

American Transcendentalism (also known as “ American Renaissance” ) It is the high tide of American romanticism Transcendentalists spoke for the cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. 《Nature》---the Bible of Transcendentalism by Emerson 《Self-Reliance》表达他的超验主义观点 Henry David Thoreau------ Walden

he regarded nature as a symbol of spirit.Thoreau was very critical of modern civilization.

小说家：Hawthorne-赞成超验He is a master of symbolism The Scarlet Letter《红字》

Melville 怀疑，悲观，sailing experiences Moby Dick百科全书式性质/海洋作品/动物史诗

诗人Longfellow《 I Shot an Arrow...》《A Psalm of Life》第一首被完整地介绍到中国的美国诗歌

Whitman (Free Verse---without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme ) 《Leaves of Grass》《 One's Self I Sing》《O Captain! My Captain!》song Dickinson inner life of the individual ---died for beauty 4、 The Age of Realism

James upper reaches of American society. <一位女士的肖像》inner world of man

Howells, concerned himself chiefly with middle class life.

Twain the lower strata of society. humor and local colorism

American Naturalism 自然主义(新型现实)

Stephen Crane;《Maggie: A Girl of the Streets》《The Red Badge of Courage》pessimistic Theodore

Dreiser;Sister

Carrie;Jennie

Gerhardt;An

American

Tragedy(Trilogy of Desire)

O.Henry (William Sydney Porter)：The Gift of the Magi;The Cop and the anthem

Jack London：The Call of the Wild;Martin Eden

5、 The Modern Period The 1920s-1930s ( the second renaissance of American literature)

The Roaring Twenties ，The Jazz Age ，“lost”(Gertrude Stein) and “waste land”(T.S.Eliot) 现代主义小说家

F. Scott Fitzgerald：《The Great Gatsby》 被视为美国文学“爵士时代”的象征，以美国梦American Dream为主线。

Hemingway迷惘一代Iceberg Principle (Theory):The dignity of movement of the iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.

《The Sun Also Rises 1926》《The Old Man and the Sea 》

William Faulkner ：Yoknapatawpha Country---以故乡为原型虚构南方贵