内容发布更新时间 : 2024/12/22 21:41:44星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。
In middle school, I became more concerned with my appearance, like most girls. But as I progressed to high school, advertising became a big influence. Boys began to notice girls, and all the girls wanted to look good. The clothing in high school became something that defined you; it identified you with a certain group. Wearing Abercrombie jeans meant you were the preppy all-American girl, a Guess shirt meant you were the snobby rich girl, and anything worse or less than that was unacceptable.
初中时，像大多数女生一样，我开始在意自己的打扮。但从高中开始，广告对我产生了很大的影响。男生开始留意女生，每个女生都想打扮得漂漂亮亮。高中时衣着界定你的身份，并将你归入某一群体。穿Abercrombie牌的牛仔裤说明你是典型的美国女生，干净利落；穿Guess的衬衫说明你是富家千金，自命不凡，任何其他差一些的衣服都是不可接受的。
In college, advertising hit me in a different way. College is a place where typically no one knows you at first, so you can be whoever you want to be. There are so many students and such a variety of people that clothing begins to define you less and less and your personality begins to define you more and more. Everyone is growing and changing and beginning to learn who they really are. Yet my friends and I still turn to advertising, now not only to stay in fashion but more so to find our own style. In my quest for identity, the style of clothing I choose reflects me. It shows my personality and shows what type of person I am.
上大学后，广告又用另外的方式影响着我。大学里，最初通常没有人认识你，所以你想怎样穿戴都行。学生很多，而且什么人都有，以穿戴看人的情况越来越少，以个性判断人的情况越来越多。每个人都在成长、改变，开始为真正的自己定位。我和朋友们依然关注广告，不过现在不只是为了紧跟时尚，更多的是想找到自己的风格。在寻找个性的过程中，我所选择的衣服样式反映我，显示我的个性，表明我是哪种类型的人。
Despite my choice to have my clothing reflect and not define me, I remain a victim of advertising. Although I look to ads for the upcoming styles, I am still affected by the underlying images behind them. Advertising reflects society and also adds to societal definitions. Advertisers show us people around us, yet they choose only a certain look. By showing us just these people, they are defining those few as the beautiful people. Advertising feeds off human insecurities and makes us want to be like these beautiful people. Our insecurities with wanting to be popular and wanting to be loved are used against us. Society fosters the fascination that we should not be who we are, and advertisers use this to influence us to believe certain messages. If we do not look like the models, we are not beautiful. If we are not thin and curvy we are not attractive. Even if we have great personalities, most people will not like us if we are not physically beautiful.
虽然我决心让衣服反映，而不是代表我本人，但广告还是在左右着我。虽然我看广告的目的是想了解最新潮流，可我还是会受到广告的潜在信息的影响。广告反映社会，也丰富了社会的含义。广告给我们看到的是我们身边的人，但他们只选择特定的类型。通过展现这一类人，广告将这极少数人定义为俊男美女。广告利用人们不甘人后的心理，怂恿我们去学这些俊男美女。我们想受人欢迎、想得到拥戴，这些心理正好被用来对付我们自己。人们向往变成别的模样，社会又推波助澜，广告就利用这些来影响我们去相信某些信息：要是穿戴与模特有差距，就不能算漂亮；要是不苗条，曲线不美，就没有吸引力；要是其貌不扬，就算性格再好，大多数人还是不会喜欢我们。
- 6 -
Advertisers use our weaknesses to tell us what is new, what we should be like, what is cool, and what is hot. Because human nature makes us want to be popular and glamorous, we follow the lead ads give us. Is it the victim's fault for believing, or the fault of society for allowing advertisers to do so? These are the questions I often ask myself as I enter the field of marketing. It is very easy to use human insecurities as a means of targeting consumption, but is it right? How will we ever know unless we step back and stop reading magazines and watching television? Until then, I will remain a victim of advertising. And so will almost everyone else.
广告利用我们的弱点告诉我们什么最新潮，我们应该是什么样子，什么最酷，什么最热门。我们都想受人欢迎，魅力四射，这是人性使然，所以我们会对广告言听计从。这应该怪人们相信广告吗？还是该怪社会纵容广告误导人？我进入营销业之后，经常考虑的就是这些问题。利用人的不甘人后的心理来促进消费固然是件轻而易举的事，但这样做对吗？要想找出答案，我们就得退一步，不再读杂志，不再看电视。不然的话，我还是摆脱不了广告的左右。别的人也是如此。
UNIT4
Death of dream梦断魂萦
They boarded the plane in New York City with high hopes. The 18 members of the United States figure skating team would fly to Brussels, Belgium. Then they were to go on to Prague, Czechoslovakia, for the world ice skating championships. A photo was taken of the team members as they stood on the steps of the Sabena Airlines 707 jet. The best of America’s skaters beamed for the camera. Mostly young, they laughed and giggled, their eyes dancing with excitement. This was going to be the time of their lives.
在纽约，美国花样滑冰队的18名成员踌躇满志地登上飞机。他们将飞往比利时的布鲁塞尔，在那儿转机，到（前）捷克斯洛伐克去参加在布拉格举办的世界花样滑冰锦标赛。站在比利时沙比那航空公司的707喷气机的舷梯上，全体成员合影留念。这批全美顶尖的滑冰运动员在照相机前笑脸盈盈，开心地笑着，眼睛里舞动着激动与兴奋。这将成为他们生命中珍贵的一刻。
There were three ice skating pairs on the plane. Two were brother-and-sister teams: Laurie and William Hickox and Ida and Ray Hadley. There was also the husband-and-wife team of Patricia and Robert Dineen. But the brightest star of all was a singles skater. Her name was Laurence “Laurie” Owen. Only 16 years old, she had won the North American title for women just two days earlier. Laurie had great skill, dazzling grace, and a winning smile. 机上有三对双人组合，其中两对是兄妹组合：
希科克斯兄妹和哈德利兄妹，另一对是夫妻搭档，迪宁夫妇。但众星之中最耀眼的是一名单人滑选手。她叫劳伦斯·欧文，人称“劳利”。年仅16岁的她，两天前刚夺得北美花样滑冰女子冠军。劳利技巧娴熟，优雅无比，笑靥如花。
Laurie came from a skating family. Her mother, Maribel, had won the U.S figure skating championship nine times. Laurie had an older sister who shared her mother’s name. Maribel Owen, age 20, was not quite as strong a skater as Laurie. Still, she had just won the U.S. senior pairs championship. All three of the Owen women were on the plane bound for Brussels.
劳利出生于滑冰世家。母亲玛丽贝尔曾九次将美国花样滑冰冠军收入囊中。劳利还有一个姐姐，与母亲同名。玛丽贝尔·欧文20岁，实力不如劳利，但也刚刚获得美国双人滑
- 7 -
大龄组的冠军。欧文家的三员女将都在飞往布鲁塞尔的航班上。
Sabena Flight 548 took off at 7:30 P.M. on February 14, 1961. The flight across the Atlantic was pleasant. Early the next day, the plane neared the airport at Brussels. There seemed to be no cause for concern. There was no distress signal of any kind from the pilot, Captain Louis Lambrechts. There were no storms or high winds in the region. In fact, the weather was perfect. It was warm and sunny.
1961年2月14日下午7点30分，沙比那548号航班起飞了。飞越大西洋的航程是很惬意的。第二天一早，飞机飞临布鲁塞尔的机场，没有任何异常。驾驶飞机的路易斯·兰布莱奇机长，没有发出任何遇难信号。该地区没有暴风雨，也没有大风。事实上，天气很好，暖和而晴朗。
But something must have gone wrong in the cockpit. During the last few minutes before the scheduled landing, Captain Lambrechts did not contact the Brussels airport. Just before 10:00 A.M., he lowered the wheels of the jet and began his approach to land. But, at the last moment, he pulled the plane up. Perhaps he saw another jet taking off and feared a collision. Or perhaps he already knew that something was wrong with his plane. In any case, he circled the airport and prepared to try again.
但驾驶员座舱肯定出了什么差错。在预定着陆的最后几分钟内，兰布莱奇机长没有与布鲁塞尔机场联系。快到上午十点时，他放下了起落架，开始着陆。但在最后一刻，他又把飞机机头拉起往上攀升。也许他看见另一架飞机正在起飞，害怕撞机。也许他已经知道他的飞机出了故障。不管怎么样，他绕着机场飞了一圈，再次尝试着陆。
Lambrechts came in a second time, flying about 500 feet over a farm near the village of Berg, northeast of Brussels. Then he suddenly increased his speed and pulled the plane into a steep climb. By this time, officials in the Brussels control tower could tell that something was very wrong. “We saw the crash coming,” said one official. “They couldn’t have been faster,” the official said. “But there was nothing they could do.”
兰布莱奇第二次出现了，飞过布鲁塞尔东北部的一个叫博格的村庄附近的农场，飞行了大约500英尺。突然他猛地提速，飞机急遽攀升。这时候，布鲁塞尔控制塔的官员们知道大事不妙了。“我们眼睁睁地看着惨剧发生，”有个官员说。“他们的反应够快的了，可是无能为力，”他说。
normal approach to land when it A man riding on a train saw that the plane was in trouble. “The plane appeared to be making a suddenly reared up into the sky,” he said. “Then it fell back like a great stone and we heard the explosion.”
有个坐火车的人看见飞机出问题了。“飞机好像准备正常着陆，突然又攀升到天空，”他说。“然后掉了下来，像块大石头一样，接着我们就听见了爆炸声。”
It was 10:05 A.M. when the Sabena jet hit the ground and exploded in a ball of flames. It just missed hitting a row of houses. All 72 people on board were killed, including 49 Americans and 11 members of the crew. There was nothing anyone could do. The crash site was a scene of total destruction. Debris was scattered over 200 yards. Charred remains and body parts were strewn all over the area. Several couples on the plane were found locked in a final embrace.
10点05分，飞机撞到地面爆炸了，燃成了一团火球。还险些就撞上一排房子。机上72人全部遇难，其中包括49名美国人和11名机组人员。人们无能为力。失事现场一片狼藉。碎片散落到200码开外。烧焦的残骸以及肢体满地都是。机上的几对夫妇最后一次紧紧抱在
- 8 -
一起。
The crash stunned skaters and figure skating fans around the globe. Never before had anything so tragic happened in their sport. To honor the dead, the Prague competition was canceled. The crash was particularly devastating for some families. In addition to the Owen family, with its loss of three women, nine other skating families suffered more than one death. The hopes and dreams of these athletes had ended in a flash. All that remained as rescuers combed through the wreckage were three pairs of melted skates dangling from one of the wings.
这场空难震惊了全球滑冰界以及热爱花样滑冰的人们。滑冰界以前从来没有发生过类似的惨剧。为了纪念遇难者，布拉格的冠军赛取消了。这次坠机对某些家庭尤其令人悲痛欲绝。欧文家三名女性全部丧生。除此之外，还有九个家庭至少痛失两名亲人。明星们的希望和梦想在一瞬间破灭了。救援人员仔细搜寻了遇难现场，只找到三双已经烧焦的冰鞋，在残留的机翼上摇曳。
UNIT5
My Advice to Students: Education Counts 奉告学子：教育是关键 比尔·盖茨
Hundreds of students send me e-mail each year asking for advice about education. They want to know what to study, or whether it's okay to drop out of college since that's what I did.
每年都有数以百计的学生给我发电子邮件，要我就接受教育给他们提建议。他们想知道该学些什么，或者可不可以从大学辍学，因为我就没有读完大学。
A smaller number of parents send messages, seeking guidance for their son or daughter. \
也有不少家长给我写信，为子女寻求指导。他们问：“我们怎样才能把孩子引向成功之路？”
My basic advice is simple and heartfelt: Get the best education you can. Take advantage of high school and college. Learn how to learn.
我的基本忠告很简单，而且是发自内心的：全力获得最佳教育，充分利用高中和大学，学会如何学习。
It's true that I dropped out of college to start Microsoft, but I was at Harvard for three years before dropping out——and I'd love to have the time to go back. As I've said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should reconsider.
不错，为创建微软，我未完成大学学业，不过辍学之前我已经在哈佛呆了三年，而且我真心希望有一天能重返校园。以前我也说过，谁也不应该辍学，除非他坚信自己正面临着一个一生仅有一次的机会，但就算在那个时候也还是应该深思熟虑。
Kathy Cridland, a sixth-grade teacher in Ohio, wrote to say, \of my students claim that you never finished high school. Since you are a success, my students perceive that as a reason not to care much about getting a good education.\
在俄亥俄州教六年级的老师凯西·克里德兰写道，“我的好几个学生声称你根本没有读完高中。因为你成功了，我的学生就觉得他们也可以不必要接受良好的教育。”
I finished high school!
我高中毕业了的!
The computer industry has lots of people who didn't finish college, but I'm not
- 9 -
aware of any success stories that began with somebody dropping out of high school. I actually don't know any high school dropouts, let alone any successful ones.
计算机行业中确实有很多人没有读完大学，但是我从来没有见过有谁高中没读完就成功创业的。确切地说，我认识的人当中根本没有高中辍学的，更没有高中辍学后事业成功的。 In my company's early years we had a bright part-time programmer who threatened
to drop out of high school to work full-time. We told him no.
我的公司创立早期，有一个相当出色的兼职程序员，声称要从高中辍学来做全职。我们叫他不要这么做。
Quite a few of our people didn't finish college, but we discourage dropping out. Having a diploma certainly helps somebody who is looking to us for a job.
我们公司里确实有好些人没有读完大学，但我们不希望人们辍学。谁要想在我们公司谋职，有毕业证书肯定会优先考虑。
College isn't the only place where information exists. You can learn in a library. But somebody handing you a book doesn't automatically foster learning. You want to learn with other people, ask questions, try out ideas and have a way to test your ability. It usually takes more than just a book.
不一定只有在大学才能获取信息，在图书馆也可以学习。但人家递给你一本书并不能自动地让你学到东西。你需要向别人学习，提问题，将设想付诸实施，设法验证自己的能力。这一切，往往不是读一两本书就可以做得到的。
Education should be broad, although it's fine to have deep interests, too. 接受的教育应该是广泛的，虽然对某些领域情有独钟也不失为一件好事。
In high school there were periods when I was highly focused on writing software, but for most of my high school years I had wide-ranging academic interests. My parents encouraged this, and I'm grateful that they did.
读高中时，我有一段时间醉心于软件编写，但大部分时间里，我的学习兴趣相当广泛。我父母鼓励我这么做，对此我感激不尽。
Although I attended a lot of different kinds of classes in college, I signed up for only one computer class the whole time. I read about all kinds of things. 大学期间，我
修了很多不同的课程，但我从头至尾只选修了一门计算机课。我读书涉猎很广。
One parent wrote me that her 15-year-old son \himself in the hole of the computer.\
有位家长写信说，她15岁的儿子“钻进计算机无底洞里了”。他的网站设计课得了“A”，但别的科目分数都在下降，她写道。
This boy is making a mistake. High school and college offer you the best chance to learn broadly — math, history, various sciences — and to do projects with other kids that teach you first-hand about group dynamics. It's fine to take a deep interest in computers, dance, language or any other discipline, but not if it jeopardizes breadth.
这个孩子犯了一个错误。高中和大学给你提供了最佳机会，你可以广泛学习——数学，历史，各种学科——有机会跟着别的孩子一起做项目，亲身感受到群体的动力。你对计算机、舞蹈、语言或其他任何的科目有深入的兴趣也无可厚非，但太偏执而舍弃学习广度就不是一件好事了。
If you fall into an obsessive pattern in high school, you've got two problems. One is that you're unlikely to change when you go to college. The other is that if you don't get reasonably good grades, it's hard to go to a college that has the highly motivated,
- 10 -