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talk about himself. But since she has gotten to know him, she found she was quite impressed with the man.
3. Because she heard her father said that you could tell a lot about a man‘s character on
the court.
4. She never shows self-indulgence. She is candid and sometimes considered
overconfident.
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新发展研究生英语 综合教程 2 教师用书 Part I Understanding and Learning
Text The Long Habit
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Lewis Thomas: (November 25, 1913 — December 3, 1993) Lewis Thomas was a physician, poet, etymologist, essayist, administrator, educator, policy advisor and researcher. Thomas was born in Flushing, New York and attended Princeton University and Harvard Medical School. He became Dean of Yale Medical School and New York University School of Medicine, and President of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute. He was invited to write regular essays in the New England Journal of Medicine, and won a National Book Award for the 1974 collection of those essays, The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher. He also won a Christopher Award for this book. Two other collections of essays (from NEJM and other sources) are The Medusa and the Snail and Late Night Thoughts on Listening to Mahler’s Ninth Symphony. His autobiography, The Youngest Science: Notes of a Medicine Watcher is a record of a century of medicine and the changes which occurred in it.
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1. Thomas Browne: Sir Thomas Browne (October 19, 1605 — October 19, 1682) was an English author of varied works which disclose his wide learning in diverse fields including medicine, religion, science and the esoteric. Browne‘s writings display a deep curiosity
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towards the natural world, influenced by the scientific revolution of Baconian enquiry. A consummate literary craftsman, Browne‘s works are permeated by frequent reference to Classical and Biblical sources and to his own highly idiosyncratic personality. His literary style varies according to genre resulting in a rich, unusual prose that ranges from rough notebook observations to the highest baroque eloquence.
2. Hayflick: Leonard Hayflick (born May 20, 1928) Ph.D., is Professor of Anatomy at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine and was Professor of Medical Microbiology at Stanford University School of Medicine. He is a past president of the Gerontological Society of America and was a founding member of the council of the National Institute on Aging (NIA). The recipient of several research prizes and awards, including the 1991 Sandoz Prize for Gerontological Research, he has studied the aging process for more than thirty years. He is best known for discovering that human cells divide for a limited number of times in vitro (refuting the contention by Alexis Carrel that normal body cells are immortal). This is known as the Hayflick limit.
Hayflick is the author of the popular book, How and Why We Age published in August 1994 by Ballantine Books, NYC and available in 1996 as a paperback. This book has been translated into nine languages and is published in Japan, Brazil, Russia, Spain, Germany, the Czech Republic, Poland, Israel and Hungary. It was a selection of The Book-of-the-Month Club and has sold over 50,000 copies world-wide.
Hayflick and his associates have vehemently condemned ―anti-aging medicine‖ and criticized organizations such as the American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine. Hayflick has written numerous articles criticizing both the feasiblilty and desirability of human life extension, which have provoked responses critical of his views.
3. Tissue Culture: Tissue Culture is the growth of tissues and/or cells separating from the organism. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar. Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, while the more specific term plant tissue culture is used for plants.
In 1885 Wilhelm Roux removed a portion of the medullary plate of an embryonic chicken and maintained it in a warm saline solution for several days, establishing the basic principle of tissue culture.
In modern usage, ―tissue culture‖ generally refers to the growth of eukaryotic cells in vitro.
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It is often used interchangeably with cell culture to specifically describe the in vitro culturing of
sperm donor cells.
However, ―tissue culture‖ can also be used to refer to the culturing of tissue pieces, i.e. explant culture or whole organs, i.e. organ culture.
It is a tool for the study of animal cell biology in vitro model of cell growth to allow a highly selective environment which is easily manipulated (used to optimize cell signaling pathways).
4. Sir William Osler: (July 12, 1849 — December 29, 1919) Sir William Osler was a Canadian physician. He has been called one of the greatest icons of modern medicine and described as the Father of Modern Medicine. Osler was a pathologist, educator, bibliophile, historian, author and renowned practical joker. Osler was born in Bond Head, Canada West (now Ontario), and raised after 1857 in Dundas, Ontario. His father, Featherstone Lake Osler (1805-1895), the son of a shipowner at Falmouth, Cornwall, was a former Lieutenant in the Royal Navy and served on H.M.S. Victory. In 1831 he was invited to serve on H.M.S. Beagle as the science officer on Charles Darwin‘s historic voyage to the Galápagos Islands, but he turned it down as his father was dying. As a teenager Featherstone Osler was aboard H.M.S. Sappho when it was nearly destroyed by Atlantic storms and left adrift for weeks. Serving in the Navy he was ship-wrecked off Barbados. In 1837 he retired from the Navy and emigrated to Canada, becoming a ?saddle-bag minister‘ in rural Upper Canada. On arriving in Canada he and his bride (Ellen Free Picton) were nearly ship-wrecked again on Egg Island in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. William‘s great grandfather, Edward Osler, was variously described as either a merchant seaman or a pirate, and one of William‘s uncles, a medical officer in the Navy, wrote The Life of Lord Exmouth and the poem The Voyage. William was the brother of Britton Bath Osler and Sir Edmund Boyd Osler.
Educated at Trinity College School, Port Hope, as a teenager, William Osler‘s aim was to follow his father into the Anglican ministry and to that end he entered Trinity College, Toronto (now part of University of Toronto) in the autumn of 1867. However, his chief interest proved to be medicine and, forsaking his original intention, he enrolled in the Toronto School of Medicine. This was a proprietary, or privately owned, institution, not to be confused with the Medical Faculty of the University of Toronto, which was then not active as a teaching body. After two years at the Toronto School of Medicine, Osler came to McGill University in 170
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Montreal where he obtained his medical degree (MD,CM) in 1872.
Throughout his life Osler was a great admirer of the 17th century physician and philosopher Sir Thomas Browne. In 1994 he was inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame.
Osler was a prolific author and public speaker and his public speaking and writing were both done in a clear, lucid style. His most famous work, The Principles and Practice of Medicine quickly became a bible to students and clinicians alike. It continued to be published in many editions until 2001 and was translated into many languages. Though his own textbook was a major influence in medicine for many years, Osler described Avicenna as the “author of the most famous medical textbook ever written.” He noted that Avicenna‘s Canon of Medicine remained a medical bible for a longer time than any other work. Osler‘s essays were important guides to physicians. The title of his most famous essay, Aequanimitas, espousing the importance of imperturbability, is the motto on the Osler family crest and is used on the Osler housestaff tie and scarf at Hopkins.
He died, at the age of 70, in 1919, during the Spanish influenza epidemic; his wife, Grace, lived another nine years but succumbed to a series of strokes. Sir William and Lady Osler‘s ashes now rest in a niche within the Osler Library at McGill University. They had two sons, one of whom died shortly after birth. The other, Edward Revere Osler, was mortally wounded in combat in World War I at the age of 21, during the 3rd battle of Ypres (also known as the battle of Passchendaele). At the time of his death in August 1917, he was a Second Lieutenant in the (British) Royal Field Artillery; Lt. Osler‘s grave is in the Dozinghem Military Cemetery in West Flanders, Belgium. According to one biographer, Dr. Osler never recovered emotionally from the loss.
5. Lazarus syndrome: Lazarus syndrome is the spontaneous return of circulation after failed attempts at resuscitation. Its occurrence has been noted in medical literature at least 25 times since 1982. Also called Lazarus phenomenon, it takes its name from the biblical story of Lazarus, who was raised from the dead by Jesus.
Occurrences of the syndrome are rare and the causes are not well understood. One theory for the phenomenon is that a chief factor (though not the only one) is the buildup of pressure in the chest as a result of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The relaxation of pressure after resuscitation efforts have ended is thought to allow the heart to expand, triggering the heart‘s electrical impulses and restarting the heartbeat. Other possible factors are hyperkalaemia or high doses of adrenaline.
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