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OH2-methylbutan-2-ol2-甲基-2-丁醇OH或
OHCH3CCH2CH3CH3 2-甲基-2-丁醇(叔醇)
**HOCH2CHCH2CH3CH32-甲基-1-丁醇(两个异构体)或 2-甲基-1-丁醇(伯醇)
2-methylbutan-1-olOH2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol2,2-二甲基-1-丙醇包括以下6种立体异构:
或
CH3CH3CCH2OHCH3 2,2-二甲基丙醇(伯醇)
OOO1-methoxybutane甲氧基丁烷1-methoxy-2-methylpropane1-甲氧基-2-甲基丙烷 乙丙醚;乙氧基丙烷O1-ethoxypropaneO*O2-methoxy-2-methylpropane甲氧基叔丁基醚;2-甲氧基-2-甲基丙烷
2-ethoxypropane2-甲氧基丁烷(手性碳两个对映体)乙基异丙基醚;2-乙氧基丙烷
8.3说明下列异构体沸点不同的原因。
2-methoxybutanea.CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3(b.p.90.5℃), (CH3)2CHOCH(CH3)2(b.p.68℃) b.(CH3)3CCH2OH(b.p.113℃), (CH3)3C-O-CH(b.p.55℃)
答案:
a. 因为后者的分支程度比较大,则分子间的接触面积减小,从而分子间作用力减小,因此沸点较低; b. 因为前者能够形成分子间氢键,导致作用力增加,沸点较高。
8.4下列哪个正确的表示了乙醚与水形成的氢键。
Ha.C2H5?O---O?HC2H5c.C2H5?OOb.C2H5?O---H
H
C2H5d.C2H5?O
8.5完成下列转化:
C2H5---H?OH
HC2H5---O?H
答案:b. 正确地表示了乙醚与水形成的氢键。
OHa.
O
b.CH3CH2CH2OHCH3CCH
c.CH3CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2OCH(CH3)2 d.CH3CH2CH2CH2OHOHOHOHCH3CH2CHCH3
e.SO3H
f.g.
CH2=CH2CH3CH2CH=CH2HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2CH2OH
h. 答案:
ClCH2CH2CH2CH2OHO
OHa.
CrO3.Py2O
浓H2SO4Br2b.CH3CH2CH2OHCH3CH=CH2CH3CH-CH2KOH / EtOHCHCCH3?BrBr
c.ACH3CH2CH2OHNa?H+HBrHBr(CH3)2CHBrCH3CH2CH2OCH(CH3)2BrCH3CHCH3CH3CH2CH2BrOHNaCH3CHCH3ONaCH3CH2CH2BrCH3CHCH3T.M
CH3CH=CH2BCH3CH2CH2OH?H+HOHCH3CH=CH2H+d.CH3CH2CH2CH2OHHBrCH3CH2OHCH3CH2CH2CH2BrNaOHCH3CH2CH=CH2HOHH+OHCH3CH2CHCH3OH
e.OH浓H2SO4SO3H
f.CH2=CH2稀 冷KMnO4CH-CH222OH2O+Cl2OHOHClCH2CH2OHNaOHHOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OHHOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OHClCH2CH2OH
g.CH3CH2CH=CH21)B2H6,Et2O2)HO,OH-22CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
h.
ClCH2CH2CH2CH2OHNaOH?O
8.6用简便且有明显现象的方法鉴别下列各组化合物
a.HCCCH2CH2OHCH3CCCH2OH
b.CH2OHOHCH3
c.d.答案:
CH3CH2OCH2CH3 , CH3CH2CH2CH2OH , CH3(CH2)4CH3
CH3CH2Br , CH3CH2OH
a. Ag(NH3)2+(炔氢反应) b. FeCl3或Br2
c. 浓H2SO4和K2Cr2O7 (浓H2SO4能使醇脱水;K2Cr2O7能氧化醚) d. 浓H2SO4(能使醇脱水)
8.7下列化合物是否可形成分子内氢键?写出带有分子内氢健的结构式。
NO2a.NO2b.OHCH3COCH2CHCH3OHOHc.d.OOH
答案:a,b,d可以形成
Oa,Ocis -NOHOHONOtrans-d.OHOHNOOOONOb.H3COHH2COCH3OH
第二种答案:
a.ONOCH2b.CH3?COH
CHCH3OH
d.OOHO
8.8写出下列反应的历程
OH答案;
H++
OHH++OH2_H2Oa+ba+_H+_b+HH+ 8.9 写出下列反应的主要产物或反应物:
a.b.(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OHOCH3+CH2CH2OCH3+HBr
2HI
c.+Od.e.HI
CH3+NaOC2H5KMnO4OH-(CH3)2CHBr
CH3(CH2)3CHCH3OH
HIO4f. CH3COOH+CH3CH2CHO
g.HIO4CH3COCH2CH2CHO
OHh.CH3+Br2 浓H2SO4分子内脱水无水ZnCl2i.CH3(CH2)2CHCH2CH3OH
*j.答案:
OH+HCl
a.(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH+HBr(CH3)2CHCH2CH2Br
b.OCH3+HI(过量)OH+2 CH3I
CH2CH2OCH3CH2CH2OHc.
+OCH3HI(过量)ⅠOH
d.(CH3)2CHBr+NaOC2H5e.CH3(CH2)3CHCH3OHKMnO4OH-(CH3)2CHOC2H5+CH3CH=CH2CH3(CH2)3CCH3O