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2012年高考英语一轮语法复习：简单句
只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫做简单句。 The old man lives in this village .（一个主语+一个谓语） Li Qing and Li Hui went there together.( 并列主语+一个谓语)
She went out ,bought a bottle of wine and returned hurriedly.(一个主语+三个并列谓语) They are twins.（一个主语+连系动词+表语）
She always keeps the room clean and tidy.(一个主语+一个谓语) 英语简单句五种基本句型
（一）:基本句型一: 主+系+表
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词.系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem, feel, remain, prove, smell, sound，hold, stay, stand（保持）等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn, come ,go ,等属另一类,表示变化.其中be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义. 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. His face turned red.
4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong.
连系动词不用于被动语态（若用作行为动词除外）。 【正】The apple tastes sweet .这苹果尝起来很甜。 【误】The apple is tasted sweet.
作表语的一般不能是-ly结尾的副词，否则句子不能成立。
下面句子中常采用形容词做表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。 例如：I’m happy to meet you.
They are willing to help you.
We are determined to follow his example. 常见系动词采用it作形式主语的有如下： It seems that------（看来------） It appears that------（看来------）
It appears/seems as if-----（看起来好像------） It turned out that------（原来------） （二）：基本句型二: 主+谓(不及物动词)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等. 1. The sun was shining. 2. The moon rose.
3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly. 注意事项：
不接宾语，因此没有被动语态。
【正】 The music sounds sweet. 【误】The music is sounded sweet.
【正】 The pen belongs to you. 【误】The pen is belonged to you. 常见使用主动语态的动词有：blame, happen, take place, break out ,occur ,come about, belong to, keep long, lose heart等。
有一类词与easily ,well. smoothly连用来说明主语的性质，特点的词也常常看作是不及物动词。常见的有：sell, wash, write, clean, cook等词。
例如：The cloth washes easily/well. 这衣服很好洗。The books sell well. The pen writes well. 常见瞬间性动词采用it当形式主语的有如下： It so happened that------碰巧-----，说来也巧------ It occurred to me that------我突然想到------
It follows that------从而-----，于是乎-------，这样一来------
【正】It suddenly occurred to him that the keys might be left in the car. 【误】That the keys might be left in the car suddenly occurred to him. （三）：基本句型三: 主+谓(及物)+宾
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词. 1. Who knows the answer？ 2. He enjoys reading.
3. He admits that he was mistaken. （四）：基本句型四: 主+谓(及物)+双宾（间宾+直宾）
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略. 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 2. I showed him my pictures. 3. He bought you a dictionary. 4. I told him that the bus was late.
5. He showed me how to run the machine. 注意事项：
(1).常见使用双宾语的动词有：give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, write, take ,show ,teach, get等以外，还有award，lend，rent，buy ,pay, hand, recommend等 She gives me a book.
(2). 同时要注意介词的使用，如果是要使用介词to时,多数时候是表示动作的方向。如give，tell，send，write，show，pay，hand，recommend等等。 1.The schoolmaster awarded the prize to me. 2.She gave her telephone number to me。 3.He handed a letter to me。
(3).如果使用for时，多数时候是表示动作的目的。如buy，make，sing，cook等等。 1.They left Beijing for shanghai . 2.My parents buy a computer for me. 3.She sang a folk for us。
4.She cooked a delicious meal for us。
(五).基本句型五: 主+谓(及物)+复合宾语（宾+宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整.
1. They painted the door green. 2.They found the house deserted. 3. What makes him think so？ 4. We saw him out.
5. He asked me to come back soon.
6. I saw them getting on the bus at that time.
常见的接双宾语的动词有：appoint(任命)，believe(相信)，call(称) catch( 发现 )elect( 选举),feel(感到),find（发现）,like（希望）,hear（听到）,keep（保持）,leave（听任）,discover（发现）,make（使）,need（需要）,prefer（宁愿）,prove（证明）,see（看见）,warn（警告）等等。 注意事项：
keep, get, find, set, push, turn, wish等常接形容词作宾补.例如： The sun keeps us warm. choose, elect，call, name，make等常接名词短语作宾补。例如：They choose Mr. Smith chairman。 Keep, find，leave，watch，feel， smell，see等常接现在分词作宾补.例如：He kept me waiting。 Watch, have，let，make，see，notice，observe，feel等常接动词不定式作宾补。例如：I watched him enter the shop。 Have, get，hear，make，want等常接过去分词作宾补。例如：Where did you have them printed？
介词短语也可以作宾补.例如：You may leave the child in my care。 【真题演练】
1.A quarrel ____last Sunday, and he ____ his family.
A. was broken out; broke away B. broke out ;broke away C. was broke out; broke away from D. broke out; broke away from 【解析】：选D． break out 不及物动词短语，A、C 形式错误，根据语境可选出D。
2.We ____communism and firmly _____ that communist will surely be realized throughout the world.
A. believe; believe B. believe in; believe in C .believe ;believe in D. believe in；believe 【解析】：选D． 前一空为“信仰，信奉”，后一空为“相信”。第一空必须又介词in，否侧意义错误。
3. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells ___, but we really don’t want him to smell ___. A. well, well B. badly, badly C. well, bad D. badly, bad 【解析】：选D． 前半句smells是不及物动词，badly修饰smells，而后半句smell与bad是系表结构。
4. These oranges taste _____.
A. good B. well C. to be good D .to be well 【解析】：选A． taste为系动词，应用形容词（加以修饰）做表语。 5.Do you think we can ____Class Three in the basketball match this evening ? A. win B. beat C. hit D. get 【解析】：选B． beat+对手，win+活动。Beat class three 及物动词beat的宾语为对手Class +three
6.They apologized for not being able to _____.
A．offer us tea B. offer tea us C. offering us tea D. offered tea 【解析】：选A． offer sb sth。主动提供某人某物。Offer后可跟双宾语，相当于offer sth to sb。