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推理判断题专练(一)——细节推断类
`A
[2019·安徽省百所重点中学模拟]I've been a volunteer in the Macmillan@ Glasgow Libraries programme for just over a year. I got involved because I was looking for something to volunteer for after I retired from work. I thought being a Macmillan Cancer Information and Support Volunteer might be a good way to do that by using some of the skills I learned at work.
At one time, I felt I made a real difference when a lady came in to use the service. She was very upset, but she was not the person with cancer. It was her partner. She had lots of things on her mind. We, together with a counselor, had a chat about her to help deal with all the emotions (情感) she felt. We knew we could arrange something, so we discussed with her what could be done for her family. She was relieved that we could get something arranged for her and liked the fact that we managed to get the ball rolling during her visit.
The good thing about having the services in the library is that the environment is non-clinical and therefore more relaxing than the hospital or doctor's surgery. The team in the library are not medically trained. That means we do not use big words or medical terms very often.
It's great that the people who volunteer all work well together, helping each other to get a resolution (解决) for people who come in. It's good to have the team at the other end of the phone whenever we get something unusual. It is a pleasure to be able to help as a volunteer.
体裁：夹叙夹议文 题材：个人经历 主题：志愿者工作
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在本文中记叙了自己作为一名志愿者的经历。作者退休后，利用自己的技能去帮助那些需要帮助的人，并从中得到了快乐。
【短语积累】 get the ball rolling 开始某事；继续某事
He will go to Europe next week to get the ball rolling again on peace talks.他下周将前往欧洲，开始重启和谈。
1．What can we infer about the author? A．He is a retired doctor.
B．He is volunteering in a hospital. C．He is a counselor in cancer.
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D．He has fought against cancer before.
答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据第一段的内容我们可以知道，作者现在已经退休，而且有医学方面的技能；结合第三段的内容，我们可以推测，作者是一名退休医生，故选A项。
2．Why did the lady feel upset? A．Because she was affected by cancer. B．Because her husband suffered from cancer. C．Because she didn't know how to treat cancer. D．Because she had a poor relation with her husband.
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“She was very upset, but she was not the person with cancer. It was her partner”和“we discussed with her what could be done for her family”可知，这位女士的丈夫得了癌症。注意：此处的“partner”表示“配偶”，故选B项。
3．What do we know about the volunteers? A．They do well in teamwork. B．They receive medical training. C．They all used to be helped. D．They often meet unusual things.
答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据最后一段的首句“It's great that the people who volunteer all work well together, helping each other to get a resolution (解决) for people who come in”可知，所有的志愿者都能很好地共同工作，彼此帮助，为来求助的人提供好的解决方案，由此推知。他们具有很强的团队意识，善于团队合作，故选A项。
4．Why does the author write this text? A．To call on readers to do voluntary work. B．To show us how to help those in trouble. C．To share his experiences as a volunteer. D．To teach us how to take care of cancer patients.
答案与解析：C 考查写作意图。综合全文的内容我们可以看出，本文主要讲述的是作者的志愿者经历。因此，作者写作的目的也就是要分享他作为志愿者的经历，故选C项。
B
[2019·郑州第二次质量预测] People have different ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over-the-counter medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies (治疗) like herbal tea or chicken soup. Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.
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So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work? According to James Taylor, professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it's easy to believe it's medicine rather than time that deserves the credit, USA Today reported.
It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something so common as a cold. Recently, scientists came closer to figure out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral drugs work. They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw (拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.
The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus (鼻病毒) A and B. But they didn't find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C, until 2006. All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C.
“This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinoviruses，” study leader Professor Ann C. Palmenberg at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, US, told Science Daily.
Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly-detailed 3D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses.
With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don't really work.
体裁：说明文 题材：医学研究 主题：感冒
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家们对普通感冒的相关研究。 【难句分析】 According to James Taylor, professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it's easy to believe it's medicine rather than time that deserves the credit, USA Today reported.
分析：本句是一个复合句。so引导结果状语从句；句中“it's medicine rather than time
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