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现在完成时
【知识梳理】
现在完成时虽然是现在时态，但是它表示的一个在过去的时间发生而对现在有所联系或影响的动作。其基本用法有二：
1) 表示动作或状态，在说话前某一时间（不必指出或无法知道的确切时间）发生，目前已经完成，并与现在有联系或对目前有着影响，强调过去的动作或经验在目前产生的结果，常同already, just, yet等状语连用；
I have already read the book written by Lu Xun. 我已读过鲁迅写的这本书了。（结果是已知道这本书的内容）
2) 表示开始于过去、持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能继续下去（也可能不继续下去），常同包括现在在内的时间状语连用。
I have made a lot of new friends since I came to Beijing. 我来到北京以来已经交了许多新朋友。
【点击中考】
纵观近几年全国各地中考试题，考查现在完成时涉及的考点有： 一、考查其构成
现在完成时的形式：助动词have (has) +动词过去分词+其它. 肯定句：主语+ have (has) +动词过去分词+其它.
否定句：主语+ haven’t (hasn’t) +动词过去分词+其它. 疑问句：Have (Has)+主语+ +动词过去分词+其它？ 肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/ has.
否定回答：No,主语+haven’t/ hasn’t.
【题型展示1】Your brother has washed all the clothes by himself, ? A. is he B. does he C. doesn’t he D. hasn’t he
【题型展示2】——Would you like to see the film with me? ——I’m sorry I it twice.
A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing 【题型展示3】——Where’s Sam? ——He for France．
A. had left B. has left C. 1eft D. will leave
【点拨】第1题中前面陈述句部分是现在完成时的肯定句，has是助动词，故选D；第2题表示已经看过两遍，故选C；第三题表示Sam已经去了法国，故选B。
【题型展示4】My sister has already finished her homework. (改为否定句) My sister ______ finished her homework ______.
【点拨】already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故应填hasn’t, yet。 【题型展示5】——Have you heard from your sister yet? —— . No news is good news.
A. Yes, I have B. I don’t mind C. No problem D. No, I haven’t
【题型展示6】——Haven’t you ever studies with a group?
---- . I’ve learned a lot that way.
A. Yes, I have B. No, I haven’t C. Yes, I did D. No, I didn’t
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【点拨】第5题根据No news is good news，此处应填否定回答，故选D；第6题根据I’ve learned a lot that way.，说明经常进行小组学习，故选A。 二、考查其用法与标志词
(一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。 【题型展示7】——What are you going to do this weekend? ——I yet.
A. haven’t decided B. won’t decide C. have decided D. didn’t decided
【题型展示8】—— you your emails today?
——Not yet. There’s something wrong with my computer.
A. Have, checked B. Did, check C. Do, check D. Are, checking
【题型展示9】——______ you ______anywhere before?
——Yes, but I can’t remember where I______
A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed 【题型展示10】——What do you think of the new book by Han Han?
——Wonderful! I (never read) such a good book before. 【点拨】据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故7题选A，8题选A，9题选D,10题填have never read。 (二)当句中有 “for +段时间”或 “since +点时间”等时，常用现在完成时（注意：谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词、短语。若since引导的是复合句，主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 【题型展示11】The Oriental Pearl TV Tower tens of thousands of visitors since 1995.(05年上海市)
A. attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract
【题型展示12】Paul to his family since Thanksgiving, so he decides to do it now.
A. hasn’t written B. didn’t write C. hadn’t written D. won’t write
【题型展示13】——Will you watch the World Cup match this year?
——No, but I several World Cup matches since I was a small child . A. had been B. see C. was seeing D. have seen 【点拨】11题中用的是since 1995，故选C；12题中用的是since Thanksgiving，故选A;13题用的是since I was a small child，故选D。
(三) 当句中有so far, recently, this year alone, in the last several year等时，常用现在完成时。
【题型展示14】——How long you here? ——For about two years so far.
A. have studied B. did, live C. do, stay D. were, swimming
【题型展示15】In the last several years we (set) up many new factories in our home town.(06年盐城市) 精品文档
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【点拨】14题中用的是for about two years和 so far，故选A；15题中有时间状语in the last several years，故填have set。 【友情提醒】
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1、现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去；
——Have you seen the film yet? 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ ——Yes, I saw it last week. 是的，我上周看的。
2、现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去，而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历；
He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已经两个小时了。
He waited for her two hours and then went home. 他等她等了两个小时，然后就回家了。 3、现在完成时与一般过去时的时间状语不同。与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：yesterday, last week, ten days ago等。
I went to the Summer Palace ten days ago. 十天前我去了颐和园。 【牛刀小试】 一、单项选择
( )1.—— you your homework yet?
——Yes, I it a moment ago.
A. Did, do, finish B. Have, done, have finished C. Have, done, finished D. Will, do, finish ( )2.He been to Shanghai, has he?
A. has already B. has yet C. has ever D. has never ( )3.She the story-book several times.
A. has read B. read C. reads D. readed ( )4.I my bike. Can I borrow yours?
A. have B. have lost C. have lose D. lost ( )5.—— he an American friend?——Yes, he has.
A. Does, have B. Have, got C. Has, got D. Does, has ( )6.I to a foreigner once.
A. speak B. spoke C. have spoken D. spoken ( )7.——Millie has gone to Kunming.——So her parents. A. do B. does C. have D. has ( )8.——How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black?
——Oh, I such a beautiful city.
A. don’t visit B. didn’t visit C. haven’t visit D. won’t visit
( )9.——I my homework.——When you it?
A. finish, will, finish B. have finished, did, finish
C. finished, have, finished D. finished, did, finish] ( )10.The rain . It’s going to be sunny.
A. stops B. stopped C. has stopped D. will stop
( )11. “He to draw horses already”. “When he ?” “ Last year “ 精品文档