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语言学期末复习
第一章
（判）Language is only a means of communication、（F） Language has a form-meaning correspondence、(F)
The function of language is to exchange information、(F) English is more difficult to learn than Chinese、(F)
Black English is not standard and should be reformed、(F) The following are some fundamental views about language、
判）Children learn their native language swiftly, efficiently and without instruction、(T)
Language operates by rules、(T)
All languages have three major components: a sound system语音系统, a system of lexicogrammar词汇语法 and a system of semantics语意学、(T) Everyone speaks a dialect、(T) Language slowly changes、(T)
Speakers of all languages employ a range of styles and a set of jargons行话、(T) Languages are intimately related to the societies and individuals who use them、(T) Writing is derivative 来源得of speech、(T) Language is a means of verbal communication、
分析）P3)it is instrumental in that communication by speaking or writing is a purposeful act、 It is social and conventional in that language is a social semiotic and communication can only take place effectively if all the users share a broad understanding of human interaction including such associated factors as nonverbal cues, motivation, and socio-cultural roles、 Design features of language
The features that define our human languages can be called design features、 (1)Arbitrariness任意性 分析，以下三点
瑞士Saussure（现代语言学之父）: the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning 、 (定义)
(1)Arbitrary relationship between the sound of a morpheme词素 and its meaning, even with onomatopoeic拟声得 words:
The dog barks bow wow in English but “汪汪汪” in Chinese、