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Unit one Economy issue v. to officially produce something such as new stamps, coins, or shares and make them available to buy 发行 2.3 Combine them into one
a) Shells became the central form of currency.
b) Shells’ important role in Chinese history is reflected in a fact.
c) The fact is their pictograph came to represent the word for “money” in written Chinese. All in one: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ a) Metal tool money evolved into metal discs
b) Metal discs were made in the shape of knives, hoes, and spades c) Metal discs were the original versions of coins.
All in one: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
2.4 Summary
The first form of money appeared around ______ BC. It was in the form of _____ and ______ as a means of payment. However, this form of money presented many _____. Cowrie ______ were used as a kind of money in China in around 1200 BC, which were combined with ______ in 1000 BC. At the same time, metal ______ money evolved into metal _______ that were the original versions of coins. The first round, flat coins were produced from a combination of ______ and _______ from 680 BC in Turkey. They were standardized by their ______. The coins spread throughout the region and neighboring states _______ and ______ their own versions. The earliest known _______ money is in use from 960 AD onwards in China. It reached Europe until the 17th century and spread around the world as a common method of _______ still in use today.
3. Let’s Listen
3.1 Note Taking Questions Subject /Topic free trade Characteristics Free Trade & Protectionism 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. Notes protectionism Advantages free trade 5 / 8
Unit one Economy protectionism 1. 2.
3.2 Exercises
1. How does the professor organize the lecture? A. By comparing domestic trade with foreign trade. B. By comparing two types of trade.
C. By comparing the characteristics of two types of trading policies. D. By discussing one type of trade.
2. Which is least likely to be true about free trade? A. It will apply to both goods and services. B. It will apply to goods but not services.
C. It will keep prices down but also reduce domestic wages.
D. It will keep prices down but result in the loss of domestic jobs. 3. What is the likely out come of adopting protectionist policies? A. Consumers will pay lower prices for foreign goods.
B. The country will probably lose jobs to foreign competition. C. The prices of most goods will rise. D. Trade will increase between countries.
4. Listen to the lecture, and fill in the blanks to complete the lecture notes.
1) Professor discusses _________________ A. Is free flow of __________________ B. Lets people buy and sell anything
C. Will create _________ for both partners. 2) Free trade has different meanings to people 3) Describes protectionism
A. Prevent people from ______________ B. Can include _____________________ 4) Describes advantages of free trade A. Cheap ________________________ B. Outsource jobs
C. Improve ____________ of developing nations
5. Complete the following summary with the words given below.
Free trade is the free flow of goods and services between nations. Some of the characteristics of tree trade are the (1) ________________, quotas, subsidies, and various other regulations that limit the free (2) ________________. Free trade agreements usually involve some (3) _______________. Protectionism is government restraint on trade between two nations. It is one nation’s efforts to prevent its own people from trading. Such protective measures include tariffs, restrictive quotas, government regulations, anti-dumping laws, and subsidies. (4) _______________ of free trade is that it keeps prices down, but (5) _______________, a big disadvantage is that it might cause many (6) _______________ to suffer economically, domestic jobs to disappear, and domestic wages to decrease. Foreign businesses, especially in poorer countries, can provide the same (7) ________________ at a cheaper price because of lower labor costs.
3.3 Words & Expressions
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Unit one Economy
words v. Definitions
money or property, especially when it is used to start a business or to produce more wealth资本
a rule or principle that limits what people can do 限制;制约因素;管制措施
obtain goods or services from an outside supplier; to contract work out; 将…外包；外购
organized according to the principle that everyone has a right to be involved in making decisions
民主的；民主政体的；民主主义的；<美>民主党的
capital n.
restraint n.
outsource v.
democratic adj.
4. Let’s speak
Now, let’s listen to a lecture on the subject of advertising techniques. You will then be asked a question about them. You will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak. Note-taking:
Question: The professor talks about advertising techniques in the lecture. Using points and examples from the lecture,
describe the two different ways in which companies use advertisements to try to sell their products.
5. It’s your turn
5.1 Language Enhancement
5.1.1 Find the synonym or Find the antonym
7 / 8
Unit one Economy
A B C D transform alter formable mold submit sector split zone division channel boost change recede increase save duty profession
chore
labor
tax
5.1.2
Paraphrase the following sentences
Original Sentence Here, advertisers attempt to persuade customers by using association.
Paraphrase
Original These coins appeared in what is now present-day Turkey and were stamped with Sentence important gods, emperors, and mythical beings to certify their authenticity.
Paraphrase
Original And fifth is the absence of subsidies and regulations on locally produced goods and Sentence
services that give businesses in the home country an advantage over those of a foreign country.
Paraphrase
8 / 8