内容发布更新时间 : 2024/12/22 20:22:22星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。
奥地利艺术家罗伯特·卡丽娜赢得了设计纸币的比赛。他的想法是通过门户和窗户(象征着开放和欢迎)和桥梁(象征着文化交流)的形象来捕捉新欧洲的精神。但他没有使用现存的欧洲纪念碑，而是选择了主要建筑时期的抽象设计，这些设计在整个欧洲留下了痕迹。因此,5美元注意说明了古典时期,10美元的特点是12世纪罗马式大桥和门口的典型,穿越时空的旅程和架构继续哥特式(20美元),文艺复兴(50美元),巴洛克风格(100美元),新艺术派风格的玻璃和铁(200美元),最后达到500美元的现代注意。
Unit 5 Active reading (1) / P91 Sex differences in English gossip rules
Contrary to popular belief, researchers have found that men gossip just as much as women. In one English study, both sexes devoted the same amount of conversation time (about 65 per cent) to social topics such as personal relationships; in another, the difference was found to be quite small, with gossip accounting for 55 per cent of male conversation time and 67 per cent of female time. As sport and leisure have been shown to occupy about ten per cent of conversation time, discussion of football could well account for the difference.
与人们普遍认为的相反，研究人员发现，男人和女人一样爱说长道短。在一项关于英语的研究中，两性在诸如人际关系等社会话题上的交谈时间是相同的(约65%);在另一项研究中，研究人员发现男女之间的差别很小，闲聊占男性谈话时间的55%，占女性谈话时间的67%。由于运动和休闲占据了谈话时间的10%左右，对足球的讨论可以很好地解释这种差异。
Men were certainly found to be no more likely than women to discuss “important” or “highbrow” subjects such as politics, work, art and cultural matters – except (and this was a striking difference) when women were present. On their own, men gossip, with no more than five per cent of conversation time devoted to non-social subjects such as work or politics. It is only in mixed-sex groups, where there are women to impress, that the proportion of male conversation time devoted to these more “highbrow” subjects increases dramatically, to between 15 and 20 per cent.
研究发现，男性与女性相比，讨论政治、工作、艺术和文化等“重要”或“高雅”话题的可能性要小得多，只有女性在场时例外(这是一个明显的区别)。单就男性而言，他们闲聊的时间不超过5%是关于工作或政治等非社会话题。只有在男女混合的群体中，有女性需要给人留下深刻印象的时候，男性谈话时间花在这些更“高雅”的话题上的比例才会急剧上升，达到15%至20%。
In fact, recent research has revealed only one significant difference, in terms of content, between male and female gossip: Men spend much more time talking about themselves. Of the total time devoted to conversation about social relationships, men spend two thirds talking about their own relationships, while women only talk about themselves one third of the time.
事实上，最近的研究表明，就内容而言，男性和女性之间只有一个显著的不同:男性花更多的时间谈论自己。在谈论社会关系的总时间中，男人花三分之二的时间谈论自己的关系，而女人只花三分之一的时间谈论自己。
Despite these findings, the myth is still widely believed, particularly among males, that men spend their conversations “solving the world’s problems”, while the womenfolk gossip in the kitchen. In my focus groups and interviews, most English males initially claimed that they did not gossip, while most of the females readily admitted that they did. On further questioning, however, the difference turned out to be more a matter of semantics than practice: What the women were happy to call “gossip”, the men defined as “exchanging information”.
尽管有这些发现，这个神话仍然被广泛相信，尤其是在男性中，男人把他们的谈话“解决世界的问题”，而女人则在厨房里闲聊。在我的焦点小组和访谈中，大多数英国男性起初声称他们不八卦，而大多数女性则欣然承认他们八卦。然而，进一步的调查发现，这种差异更多的是语义学上的差异，而不是实践上的差异:女性乐于称之为“八卦”，而男性则定义为“交换信息”。
Clearly, there is a stigma attached to gossip among English males, an unwritten rule to the effect that, even if what one is doing is gossiping, it should be called something else. Perhaps even more