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14)What can we infer from the example of Zhang Xu （我们可以从张旭的例子中推断出什么？）___.D
? He did nothing but practice his running-cursive script all day他整天只练
习行书。
? He learnt calligraphy by copying other calligraphers of his time 他模仿
他那个时代的书法家学习书法。
? He often watched sword dance to learn from it for his calligraphy 他经
常看剑舞学习书法。 ? He made fast progress when he discovered the genuine beauty of
calligraphy当他发现书法真正的美时，他进步很快。
15)How is the “energy”of”one-stroke character”achieved （“能量”的一笔书是如何写出来的？） ___.C
? ? ? ?
By pressing the brush harder通过用力按压笔刷
By writing the character with only one stroke 只写一个笔画 by writing the strokes at one go写那些笔画的时候一气呵成 By connecting the strokes in the interior通过连接内部的笔画
16)Which of following words can best summarize the characteristic of “ink pig” （下面哪个词最能概括“墨猪”的特点？）___.B
? ? ? ?
vigorous有力的
cumbersome 笨重的 heavy 重的，沉重的 Dense密集的，稠密的
17)The three most valuable calligraphic works in the three-treasure study include works by all the following calligraphers except ___.D
? Wang xizhi ? Wang xianzhi ? Wang xun ? Zhang xu
18)What can we learn about wang xizhi’s calligraphic works according to the passage（根据这篇文章，我们可以从王羲之的书法作品中学到什么？） ___.D
? His handwriting looks like a dragon他的笔迹像一条龙。 ? His hand writing is heavy but vigorous 他的笔迹重而有力。
? Preface to the lanting pavilion collection is his first work 《兰亭集》的序
言是他的第一部作品。
? The original of preface to the lanting pavilion collection is missing《兰亭
集序》的真迹已经不见了
19)How did the criterion of “being hidden”in yan style occur （颜体的“隐”的标准是怎么出现的） ___.C
? It dawned upon yan zhenqing accidentally颜真卿偶然发现的
? Yan zhenqing learnt it from former masters 颜真卿从它原先的主人那里学
到的
? Yan zhenqing got the idea from zhang xu 颜真卿是从张旭那里得到的想法 ? It was passed down from yan’s ancestors它是颜真卿的祖宗传下来的
III. Translation 英译汉 ， 汉译英（英汉互译都要掌握） 重要提示：请各位同学务必复习这些段落的英译汉，以及汉语段落回译成英文。
翻译复习
1.Unit 1, Page 7 , para. 18
Before Confucius,only the nobility had the right to education.He was the first figure in Chinese history to initiate private education.According to historical records,Confucius taught for many years and trained 3000 disciples.A total of 72 of them excelled in the ”six arts”,i.e.（也就是）,ritual（礼）,music（乐）,archery（射）,driving（御）,calligraphy（书）,and mathematics（数）.A great educator,Confucius has been admired by later generations as the “sage of sages”.
在孔子之前，受教育的权利为贵族阶层所垄断。孔子在中国历史上首开私人讲学之风气。他长期从事教育工作。据史书记载，他有弟子三千，其中通六艺的有七十二人。孔子是伟大的教育家，被后人尊称为“至圣先师”。
2.Unit2 , page 18.para.11
Laozi said,”The greatest virtue is like water”.He compared his philosophy of ”non-contention” to water, to distinguish it from the law of the jungle.He said, “Water nourishes everything but contends for nothing”.To Laozi,humans tend to seek higher positions while water always flows to lower places.Driven by desire,humans like whatever thy think is superior while despising whatever they think is inferior.Yet water always flows downward.As the source of life water nourishes all living things on Earth. 老子说“上善若水”---水具有最高的善。老子以水比喻他的“不争”哲学思想，与恶意争斗的丛林法则相区别。老子说, “水善万物而不争。”在老子看来，人往高处走，水往低处流。人情受欲望驱动，好高而恶下，而水却永远往下流淌。水是生命之源，可以滋润万物，给大地带来生命。 3.Unit 5, page43,para. 1
Protection of the eco-environment is capturing wider international attention today.Eco-ethics and eco-philosophy have arisen in the face of the increasingly serious ecological crisis facing the whole world.Scholars in the field point out that human damage to the natural environment has accelerated to such an extent as to threaten the very existence of human beings themselves.
今天，全世界都普遍关注生态环境的保护问题，面对日益严重的生态危机，国际上出现了生态伦理学和生态哲学。学者们强调指出，人类对自然环境破坏已经达到从根本上威胁人类自身生存的地步。 4.Unit 6 Page 55, Para.2
Some pictographic symbols of Chinese characters express people’s keen observation and experience of the world.This is why some European poets have found Chinese characters inspiring to their imagination. Ezra Pound,for example,was well known for his admiration of Chinese characters,from which he was able to draw creativity.When he saw the character “旦”in the dictionary,he was reminded of the morning sun. 汉字中的象形符号包含了中国人对世界敏锐的观察和丰富的体验。这也是一些西方的诗人发现汉字能激发他们的想象力的原因。比如，美国诗人庞德以推崇汉字而著名，汉字的象形符号激荡起他的创造力。他在字典中看到汉字“旦” 时，他即联想到早晨的太阳。 5.Unit 7 page 62 ,para .3
The Silk Road functioned not only as a trade route,but also as a bridge that linked the ancient civilizations of China,India,the Mesopotamian plains,Egypt,and Greece.It also helped to promote the exchange of science and technology between east and west.The Silk Road served as the main channel for ancient China to open up to the outside world, as well as for fresh impulses from other cultures to enter the country,which contributed a significant share to the shaping of Chinese culture.
丝绸之路不仅是一条古代通商的道路，它更是连接古代中华文明，印度文明，埃及文明，希腊文明和美索不达米亚文明的纽带。它也为东西方的科学技术交流起到了促进作用。丝绸之路是古老的中国走向世界，接受世界其他地方文明营养的主要通道。中国文化性格的塑造与丝绸之路息息相关。 6.Unit 8 page71 , para .1&2 Para1
The Analects begins with the Confucian edict（教诲）:”Is it not a pleasure to meet friends from afar?” ”Afar” implies different ways of life and philosophies,Confucius’ attitude shows that the Chinese have always highly respected friends from a long way off and aspired to learn from them.At the same time,there existed the wish to present a good image to outsiders.There
is
another
useful
quotation
from
The
Analects:”Magistrate（地方行政官）Zigao of the Ye County asked about governance.Confucius replied,’Good governance makes one’s neighbors happy and attracts people from faraway places to come and learn from you.’”
《论语》一开头就记载这孔子的教导：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？”“远方” 提示着生活方式和思想观念的差异。孔子的态度也表明了中国人向来把来自远方的人当作可尊敬的朋友来看待，并乐于向他们学习。同时，中国人也希望在域外人面前展示好的形象。《论语》中还有一段记载： “地方官子告问孔子如何治理国家时， 孔子答曰：