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动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 一. 规则变化
1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked
2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried, study—studied 4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母)，先双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加ed，如clap / shop / trip / chat / beg / drop / fit / hug / plan / pat / regret / control
注：A. 以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l，如control—controlled；尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。 B. 读音与说明:
①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped
②-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed
③-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted
二. 不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可主要分为几种情况。
【AAA型】：
put—put—put cut—cut—cut shut—shut—shut set—set—set hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt
cost—cost—cost ★read/ri:d/—read/red/—read/red/ let—let—let burst—burst—burst （n. / v. 爆发，突发；爆炸）
cast—cast—cast （ v. 1. 投,掷,抛,扔,撒 2. 投射(光、影、视线等)[(+at/on)]
3. 脱落;蜕(皮);丢）
rid—rid—rid （vt. 使摆脱；使去掉） spread—spread—spread
【ABB型】：
(原形→aught / ought→aught / ought)
catch caught caught teach taught taught bring brought brought buy bought bought think thought thought 【原形→元音变化→元音变化】
sit sat sat meet met met find found found
get got got stand stood stood understand understood understood win won won hold held held shine shone shone dig dug dug hang hung/hanged hung/hanged 【原形→ “…t” → “…t”】
lose lost lost build built built spill spilt spilt spoil spoilt spoilt
send sent sent spend spent spent smell smelt smelt feel felt felt mean meant meant learn learnt/learned learnt/learned lend lent lent 【原形→ “…d” → “…d”】
hear heard heard make made made have(has) had had pay paid paid say said said lay laid laid sell sold sold tell told told 【“ee/ea” → “e..t” → “e..t”】
sleep slept slept sweep swept swept keep kept kept leave left left
【ABC型】： 【原形→变形→原形+en/ne】
be(am,is) was been be(are) were been see saw seen do did done go went gone beat beat beaten eat ate eaten give gave given hide hid hidden fall fell fallen mistake mistook mistaken
take took taken drive drove driven rise rose risen ride rode ridden write wrote written
【原形→ “-o-” → “过去式-n”】
break broke broken speak spoke spoken choose chose chosen
forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen wake woke/waked woken/waked (原形→ “ew” → “原形-n”)
draw drew drawn blow blew blown show showed shown *fly flew flown grow grew grown throw threw thrown know knew known 【原形→ “-a-” → “-u-”】
begin began begun ring rang rung drink drank drunk sing sang sung sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken swim swam swum 【原形-ear → “-ore” → “-orn”】
wear wore worn tear tore torn bear bore born 【原形-ake → “-ook” → “-aken”】
take took taken shake shook shaken miatake mistook mistaken 【原形-i辅e→ “-o辅e” → “-i辅(辅)e”】
drive drove driven ride rode riden rise rose risen write wrote written strive(v.努力) strove striven
【ABA型】 become became become come came come run ran run overcome overcame overcome
【AB型】(无过去分词) may might must must can could shall should will would