基于OPNET的无线传感器网络建_模与仿真

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湖北工业大学工程技术学院

毕业设计(论文)

基于OPNET的无线传感器网络建

模与仿真

学生姓名: 学 号:余苏林 01210242Y21 所在系部: 电气信息系 专业班级: 通信工程二班 指导教师: 朱莉 讲师 日 期: 二○○一六年三月

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摘 要

无线传感器网络是一种全新的信息获取和处理技术,是一种新型的、无基础设施的、自组织的无线网络。大量的传感器节点通过自组织的方式构成了网络,每个节点集成了传感器件、数据处理单元和通信模块。无线传感器网络具有硬件资源有限、电源容量有限、以数据为中心、自组织、多跳路由、动态拓扑、节点数量众多切分布密集等特点。无线传感器网络凭借其潜在的优势得到了广泛的应用。

然而在信息技术日新月异的现代社会,随着网络结构和规模越来越复杂化以及网络的应用越来越多样化,单纯地依靠经验进行网络的规划和设计、网络设备的研发以及网络协议的开发,已经不能适应网络的发展,因而急需一种科学的手段来反映和预测网络的性能,OPNET网络仿真技术应运而生。本设计基于OPNET仿真平台,首先在分析无线传感器网络QoS路由问题的基础上,对定向扩散进行扩展,组合利用路径节点最小能量和最小跳数信息的分布式QoS路由算法建立了仿真模型,使网络生存期提高了500%;在不同比例的混合业务模式下,可以很好地支持不同业务的资源需求分配,达到全网能耗均衡。其次着重对无线传感器网络的流量工程进行了建模与仿真,分析了网络业务负载对网络的吞吐量、数据丢失率和端-端时延等性能的影响,通过将业务流合理地映射到网络资源,减少了拥塞,提高了网络的性能与可靠性。通过仿真,我们可以有效地提高网络规划和设计的可靠性和准确性,降低网络投资风险,减少不必要的投资浪费。

关键词:无线传感器网络 OPNET仿真 QoS路由 定向扩散 流量工程 网络吞吐量时延

Abstract

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a new kind of wireless networks, using bran-new information-gathering and processing technology. The WSN, self-organized, is of no infrastructure. Numbers of sensing nodes, composing of sensing implement, data processing unit and communication module, structure the WSN self-driven. WSN has such characteristics as hardware resource limitation, power capacity limitation, data-central, self-organization, multi-hop routing, dynamic topology, dense distribution with numerous nodes. WSN is widely used for its potential ascendancy.

However, in modern society, information technology changes with each passing day. With the network structure and scale going more and more complex and the multiplicity of network application, it’ll never adapt to the rapid development if you still rely simply on your experience when you layout and design a new network, R&D network facilities and explode network protocols. A scientific method is badly needed to reflect and predict the capabilities of the network. Then OPNET emerges as the times require. This design is in the OPNET surroundings. First, on the basis of analyzing the problem of QoS routing in the wireless sensor networks, a new distributed QoS routing algorithm according to the minimum node energies on path and minimum hop counts has been proposed by extending Directed Diffusion. Then the model is designed. By analyzing the results of simulation, I find this porosed algorithm can provide differential services both for real-time traffic and best-effort traffic, achieve the energy-cost-balancing on the whole network and prolong the network lifetime by 500%. Second, I emphasize my attention on the flow project of WSN and make modeling and simulation about it. From the simulation results, I know the impact of portfolio towards the throughput of the network, data lose rate and point-to-point delay. By mapping the portfolio with the net resources, we may decrease congestion, improve the characteristics of the network and its security. Through Opneting, we’re to increase the reliability and accuracy of network

programming and designing. Of course, there will be less risk of investment and less wastes which are unnecessary.

Keywords: wireless sensor network (WSN),OPNET simulation, QoS routing, directed

diffusion, flow project, throughput, delay

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