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第四讲：直译与意译
I. Teaching Purpose
A. Understand the difference between literal translation and free translation. B. Learn to choose different translating method under different circumstances. II. Important and Difficult Points
Translate literally, if possible, or appeal to free translation. III. Teaching Method
The teacher introduces the topic and some examples are given to the students. Then the students will find the best translation. IV. Teaching Contents
一、死译(word-for-word translation)
死译也叫逐词翻译，翻译时是以词为单位进行考虑的，力求原文中的每一个词都能与译文的词对等。从形式上看非常忠实，行文也算通畅，实际上在意义和风格上相去甚远。读者常常感到费解，甚至不知所云。 It was an old and ragged moon.
原译：这是一个又老又破的月亮。 改译：这是一弯下弦残月。
Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. 原译：他的许多思想对当代青年特别有趣。 他有许多观点，当代青年特别感兴趣。
Every atom of your flesh is as dear to me as my own; in pain and sickness it would still be dear. 原译：你的肉中的每一个，对我来说，都像我自己的一样亲；它既是在病痛中，仍然是亲的。 改译：在我看来，你身上的每一个细胞都像我自己的细胞一样亲；即使你痛苦你有病，也还是一样亲。
Being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe.
原译：当一名教师意味着是创造的见证人，他目睹泥土开始呼吸，开始了生命。
改译：当一名教师就意味着目睹上帝造人的过程，目睹用泥土捏成的人体开始呼吸，开始了生命。
分析：这里引用的是《圣经》创世纪中上帝用泥土造人的故事。Creation是指上帝造人，clay是指上帝用泥土捏成的小泥人。
And as she considered, the light came again, and she saw two dark figures lying in the path ahead of her. She leaped forward and saw that one was Kino and the other a stranger with dark shiny fluid leaking from his throat.
正考虑之间，月亮露出来了，这时她看见前面路上躺着两个黑色人影。她跳起来向前跑去，看见一个是基诺，另一个不认识，黑亮黑亮的鲜血正从这陌生人的喉头往外流。 二、活译(dynamic equivalence translation)
活译指翻译时力求达到灵活对等，使译文读者能得到与原文读者大致相同的感受。 I want to hit the sack and get some Z?s. 我要去睡会觉。 Is this seat taken? 这里有人吗？ 三、直译与意译
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