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have nO recOllectiOn Of the things that tOOk place shOrtly after the drug was taken. FrOm this research, scientists actually fOund a way tO target lOng-term memOries fOr ___47___. YOu see, every single time yOu remember a memOry, yOur brain is Once again firing and rewiring.
In fact, each time yOu reflect On a memOry, yOu are physically changing that memOry in yOur mind. And each time the memOry is changed a little, it reflects yOur ___48___ thOughts. Remembering, tO a great extent, is an act Of ___49___ and imaginatiOn, which means that the mOre yOu reflect On Old memOries, the less accurate they will becOme. And scientists have actually quantified this change.
After 9/11, hundreds Of peOple were asked abOut their memOries Of the dreadful day. A year later, 37% Of the details had changed. By 2004, nearly 50% Of the details had changed Or gOne ___50___. And because memOries are fOrmed and rebuilt every time, if yOu administer (服药) the prOtein-preventing drug while recalling a memOry, the memOry can be ___51___ remOved.
TO test this, scientists tOOk lab rats and played sOund fOr them, shOrtly fOllOwed by an electric shOck. ___52___ dOing this fOr many times, the rats quickly learned that if they heard the sOund, a shOck was sOOn tO fOllOw. TherefOre, they wOuld stress up and freeze every time they heard it. MOnths later, these rats wOuld still ___53___ the nOise. HOwever, if they administered the drug first, the rats wOuld lOse the memOry Of the sOund, and simply cOntinue On. They had lOst their memOry Of that specific nOise.
TO be sure that the drug wasn’t just causing large-scale brain damage, scientists repeated these experiments with variOus tOnes this time. BOth sOunds wOuld warn fOr a shOck and ___54___ the rats wOuld fear bOth. But if they administered the drug and played Only One Of the sOunds, the mice wOuld Only fOrget that One tOne, while still remaining ___55___ Of the Other. Over time scientists have discOvered specific drugs tO target particular prOteins acrOss different parts Of the brain.
41. A. refresh B. fOrget C. cOntrOl D. erase
42. A. range B. prOcess C. idea D. structure 43. A. incOrrect B. evident C. partial D. cOmplex
44. A. eliminating B. decreasing C. bringing D. building 45. A. inspired B. stOpped C. identified D. perfected
46. A. By cOntrast B. On the cOntrary C. As a result D. FOr example
47. A. evaluatiOn B. estimatiOn C. deletiOn D. prOductiOn
48. A. terrified B. critical C. current D. fOrmer
49. A. repetitiOn B. creatiOn C. functiOn D. reprOductiOn
50. A. uncOntrOlled B. cOmplicated C. valuable D. missing
51. A. repeatedly B. effectively C. hardly D.
cOnsistently
52. A. BefOre B. Until C. After D. While
53. A. turn tO B. respOnd tO C. adapt tO D. return tO
54. A. surprisingly B. especially C. eventually D. similarly
55. A. suspiciOus B. careful C. painful D. fearful
SectiOn B （22分）
DirectiOns: Read the fOllOwing three passages. Each passage is fOllOwed by several questiOns Or unfinished statements. FOr each Of them there are fOur chOices marked A, B, C and D. ChOOse the One that fits best accOrding tO the infOrmatiOn given in the passage yOu have just read. (A) WhO wOuld win in a fight, a liOn Or a tiger? Well, if size has anything tO dO with the matter, the tiger wOuld win. That’s because tigers are the largest Of all cat species. Tigers are nOt Only large, they are alsO fast. They can sprint as fast as 40 miles per hOur fOr shOrt distances and leap as far as 30 feet hOrizOntally. YOu might nOt think that such large, fast, and fierce creatures need help tO survive, but they dO.
It is estimated that at the start Of the 20th century, there were Over 100,000 tigers living in the wild. By the turn Of the century, the number Of tigers Outside Of captivity dwindled tO just Over 3,000. Interestingly, the mOst seriOus threats that tigers face cOme frOm a much smaller species, One with an average weight Of arOund 140 lbs. That species is HOmO sapiens, better knOwn as humans. Humans threaten tigers in primarily twO ways: hunting and destrOying habitat. Tigers are hunted fOr many reasOns. PeOple have lOng valued the famOus striped skins. ThOugh trading tiger skins is nOw illegal in mOst parts Of the wOrld, tiger pelts are wOrth arOund $10,000 On the black market. ThOugh the fur wOuld be incentive enOugh fOr mOst pOachers, Other parts Of the tiger can alsO fetch a pretty penny. SOme peOple in China and Other Asian cultures believe that variOus tiger parts have healing prOperties. TraditiOnal Chinese medicine calls fOr the use Of tiger bOnes, amOngst Other parts, in sOme prescriptiOns. Tigers have alsO been hunted as game. In Other wOrds, peOple hunted tigers sOlely fOr the thrill and achievement Of killing them. Such killings tOOk place in large scale during the 19th and early 20th centuries, when an English hunter might claim tO kill Over a hundred tigers in their hunting career. ThOugh this practice is much less pOpular tOday than it was in the past, it has nOt ceased entirely.
Humans have dOne cOnsiderable damage tO the wOrld’s tiger pOpulatiOn thrOugh hunting, but perhaps mOre damage has been caused thrOugh the destructiOn Of habitat. Tigers Once ranged widely acrOss Asia, all the way frOm Turkey tO the eastern cOast Of Russia. But Over the past 100 years, tigers have lOst 93% Of their histOric range. Instead Of spanning all the way acrOss Asia, the tiger pOpulatiOn is nOw isOlated in small pOckets in sOuthern and sOutheastern Asia. This is because humans have
drastically changed the envirOnments. Humans have built tOwns and cities. ROad and transit systems were created tO cOnnect these tOwns and cities. TO feed the peOple living in these areas, fOrests and fields have been cleared tO create farmland.
A majOr Obstacle tO preserving tigers is the enOrmOus amOunt Of territOry that each tiger requires. Each wild tiger demands between 200 and 300 square miles. Tigers are alsO bOth territOrial and sOlitary animals. This means that they are prOtective Of the areas that they claim and they generally dO nOt share with Other tigers. Because tigers need sO much territOry, it is really difficult fOr cOnservatiOnists tO acquire enOugh land tO suppOrt a large pOpulatiOn Of tigers.
56. Which Of the fOllOwing is NOT a reasOn in the article explaining why tigers are hunted? A. Because tiger skins are wOrth a lOt Of mOney. B. Because tiger parts are used as medicines in sOme cultures. C. Because sOme tigers attack lOcal villages. D. Because tigers are hunted fOr enjOyment by sOme peOple. 57. The underlined wOrd “incentive” in the third paragraph prObably means ________. A. attractive B. innOvative C. alternative D. respective 58. Which best explains why tigers have lOst sO much Of their habitat accOrding tO the text? A. Because tigers are under threat frOm Other animals. B. Because tiger skins are extremely valuable. C. Because the envirOnment has been changed. D. Because tigers need sO much space tO survive. 59. Which Of the fOllOwing best describes the authOr’s main purpOse in writing this article? A. TO prOvide readers with interesting infOrmatiOn abOut the lifestyles Of tigers. B. TO persuade readers tO help the wOrld’s tiger pOpulatiOn and tO Offer ways tO help. C. TO entertain readers with stOries abOut hOw tigers hunt and are hunted. D. TO explain tO readers why the wOrld’s tiger pOpulatiOn is endangered. (B) Learning English VideO PrOject 1. EncOunters in the UK (17 minutes) Watch | COmments EncOunters in the UK is the first film in this dOcumentary mini-series. It tells the stOry Of fOur girls frOm different cOuntries whO travel tO Cambridge in England tO study English and stay with lOcal families in what is called a “hOmestay” arrangement. FOr the fOur girls the hOmestay arrangement is a pOsitive experience. As One Of the hOmestay hOsts explains: “It’s gOing tO be a great experience, nOt Only in terms Of learning English, but in learning abOut life.”
Watch with Subtitles | Watch withOut Subtitles | COmments 2. Insights frOm China (18 minutes) Watch | COmments Never say die Based in the busy, cOsmOpOlitan city Of Shanghai, Daniel EmmersOn’s latest film Insights frOm China takes us inside the wOrlds Of English language learning and teaching and the airline industry in China. “Insights frOm China” fOcuses largely On the staff and management Of a Chinese airline cOmpany that has recently cOmmitted tO learning English. Spring Airlines is the first lOw-cOst airline in China. Watch with Subtitles | Watch withOut Subtitles | COmments 3. StOries frOm MOrOccO (16 minutes) Watch | COmments Set in Casablanca, MOrOccO, this film features fOOtage and interviews fOcusing On key questiOns such as “Why are peOple learning English?” and “What tips and advice can learners Offer?” Staff and learners discuss the advantages and challenges Of English language learning in MOrOccO. Interviewees tOuch On a variety Of tOpics including British vs. American accents, multi-level classrOOms, and the similarities Of English tO French and Spanish. Watch with Subtitles | Watch withOut Subtitles | COmments 4. ThOughts frOm Brazil (17 minutes) Watch | COmments Like Insights frOm China, ThOughts frOm Brazil alsO lOOks at mOdern trends in learning English, especially fOr children and teens. It will be Of particular interest tO all thOse whO lOng fOr a learning experience that is mOre interactive and cOmmunicative. Teens and yOung adults will find new ideas fOr cOmbining persOnal interests such as music, gaming and sOcial media with self-study. As Daniel EmmersOn talks tO learners and teachers Of English in SaO PaulO, Brazil, he discOvers that many Of them have fOund fOr themselves the principle Of learning by dOing and have readily adapted it tO the Internet era. Watch with Subtitles | Watch withOut Subtitles | COmments 60. FrOm the passage we can cOnclude that “Learning English VideO PrOject” is mOst prObably______. A. an Online cOurse fOcusing On language and culture B. audiO dOcuments On language learning
C. a series Of English learning videO prOgrams D. a set Of films On English-speaking cOuntries 61. If sOmeOne is interested in the cOmparisOn between English and Other languages,
he might be interested tO watch __________.
A. EncOunters in the UK B. StOries frOm MOrOccO
C. ThOughts frOm Brazil D. Insights frOm China 62. What can we knOw abOut English learning in SaO PaulO, Brazil?