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70% of American public schools. What makes it such a typical read for young people?
English class is a place where young Americans come to know themselves. In the folds of dusty books, students can make contact with humanity beyond the shallow small talk of the school hallways. Disturbed by hormones and anxiety, teenagers get through school with confusion and frustration. Literature is a safety valve（安全阀）—it promises relief, a place to figure out one‘s problems and get to know oneself better.
The novel particularly distinguishes itself in this aspect. It speaks in a child‘s voice without treating its readership as children. Some critics have called it an ?impossible‘ achievement, a children‘s book penned by a well-educated adult — it‘s unlikely that a child like Scout could exist in the real world. But that‘s exactly what makes it such a charming, attractive read for young people. It indicates the consciousness of a well-educated adult facing difficult realities, but describes it through the light and playful voice of a curious little girl.
Gaby Hick, a third-year student focused on English literature at Brown University, calls it ―one of the first books that kids and young adults read that deals with serious issues — rape, race, mental issues‖. She adds, ―The story makes these adult themes accessible because of Scout.‖ The book‘s setting, a small town in Alabama affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s, may appear very different from the experience of most kids reading it today. But Lee‘s words make her story feel alive and present.
In 2006, however, critic Thomas Mallon expressed his regret about the book‘s avoiding moral complexity in The New Yorker. But her novel makes a great teaching tool for teenagers precisely because its moral view is as clear as that of one of Aesop‘s fables. That absence of ambiguity in this novel doesn‘t mean the novel is free of challenging ideas, either. Will Serratelli, another literature student at Brown says, ―There aren‘t many hard moral questions being asked…but it opens up all these other questions that I hadn‘t thought about before. My English teachers always asked, ?Do you sympathize with this character? Would you want to hang out with them?‘ When you give a kid a book where those questions don‘t even need to be asked, it forces them to dig deeper.‖
Mallon‘s criticism is accurate in that this novel may present too limited a view of racism in America. That‘s especially problematic because it is one of the only books consistently assigned to American students that acknowledges racial discrimination at all. However, To Kill a Mockingbird may owe some of its popularity as a teaching text to the fact that the narrative voice is a white one. Naomi Varnis, an African Studies student at Brown says, ―It‘s another practice of telling stories about black people through white central characters,‖ she says.
While the novel is undoubtedly worth its place in the classroom, English teachers may do well to consider that it is a white author‘s perspective—and ought to be the only beginning of a dialogue about race and never the final word. But as a gateway to more mature ideas, and as a YA (young adult) distillation（提炼）of complex concepts young people may not have grasped before, Lee‘s novel is invaluable.
65. According the passage, the novel To Kill a Mockingbird can help us_________. A. know more about the past U.S. economic situation B. understand what the real personality of human is
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C. reduce much anxiety for fear of losing ourselves
D. find and deal with some other complicated questions
66. What does the underlined word ―trailed‖ most probably mean in Paragraph 1? A. Was as good as. B. Tried hard to defeat. C. Went along the same route as. D. Had a lower score than. 67. What can we conclude from Will Serratelli‘s statement underlined in Paragraph 5?
A. The kids are motivated to think further.
B. The kids have to face more moral questions. C. The kids tend to sympathize with the characters.
D. The kids are unwilling to answer challenging questions. 68. Why is the novel well received by teenagers in the US? A. Because it reveals racial discrimination in America. B. Because it makes some serious adult issues accessible. C. Because a white author tells the stories about black people.
D. Because it is widely used as a tool for moral judgments in society. 69. Who points out straight the shortcoming of the novel? A. Thomas Mallon. B. Naomi Varnis. C. Will Serratelli. D. Gaby Hick. 70. What is the author‘s purpose in writing the passage? A. To tell us about the content of the novel. B. To introduce some different comments. C. To explain the reasons for its popularity.
D. To approve of the creative writing style.
第四部分：任务型阅读（共10 小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Are we more narcissistic than ever before?
Like the flower, narcissism（自恋）has continued to flourish in modern civilization, which has become such a part of culture. But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture, which really has three types of narcissism. Problems arise when people discuss narcissism without identifying the form.
Grandiose（浮夸）narcissism is the outgoing, extraverted（外向）form. The narcissistic individual believes he or she is smarter, better looking and more important than others. And, of course, he or she gets special treatment for this fact. In fact, some of them can be very charming, likable and enjoy people. On the opposite side, narcissistic relationships are often not very emotionally warm or caring.
Vulnerable（脆弱）narcissism is the second flavor of narcissism. It is harder to see than grandiose narcissism. Vulnerable narcissists think they have the right to get special treatment and greatness but actually have low self-confidence and are not typically extraverted. Imagine someone living in his mum‘s small room. He spends his evenings watching X Factor believing he should be the next famous star singing act. Unfortunately, he hasn‘t the confidence to do it and instead becomes a net citizen, who posts offensive, controversial, or divisive materials on an Internet community.
The third form of narcissism occurs when narcissism is extreme and causes clinically
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serious problems in a person‘s life – marriages fall apart, friends are lost, a career is over. When this occurs narcissism can be identified as a personality disorder – narcissistic personality disorder (also known as NPD), containing a mix of both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism,
Can you change narcissism or NPD? There is no simple answer to this. For grandiose narcissism, what I often do is suggest practicing caring and compassion, doing what you are passionate about rather than what gets you attention and being responsible for your mistakes as well as successes. For vulnerable narcissism I would add to this list with practices that reduce depression and anxiety. Develop a sense of belonging or a friendship network; participate in physical exercise; or practice a form of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings. For NPD, there is no single, scientifically affirmed treatment of choice. But pay attention to the following. First, people with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment because in their mind they do not have a problem – everyone else does. Second, it is challenging for doctors to keep individuals with NPD in treatment.
Narcissism is increasing and while social media hasn‘t been proven to actually create narcissists, it does give them a new platform to gain attention and admiration. Still, I remain optimistic that people can change if they are motivated, have the right tools, and know what type of narcissism they are dealing with. Are we more narcissistic than ever before? ● Narcissism has developed to become a part of culture. ● Narcissism is more (71) ▲ than expected in psychology. ● A narcissist is outgoing and socially confident, sometimes showing loveliness. ● A narcissist considers himself to be such an unusual person as to be treated (73) ▲ . ● A narcissist is often cold and likely to (74) ▲ care in emotion towards others. (72) ▲ of narcissism in divided types ● Vulnerable narcissism is more (75) ▲ than grandiose one. ● A narcissist isn‘t actually confident though in his opinion he (76) ▲ special things. ● Narcissism is quite extreme to cause serious problems in clinic, affecting the personal life. ● Be more considerate, do favorite things and take (77) ▲ for whatever The approaches to they do. treating narcissism or ● Try to (78) ▲ by making more friends, doing exercise and so on. NPD ● Help people with NPD to realize they have problems and not to (79) ▲
treatment. ● Narcissism is increasing perhaps because of social media. The future trend ● Narcissism can be (80) ▲ if handled actively in proper ways. Current situation about narcissism
第五部分 书面表达（满分25分）
请阅读下面文字及图片，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
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When 11-year-old Trevor begins 7th grade, his social studies teacher Eugene gives the class an assignment to design and put into action a plan that will change the world for the better. Trevor thinks hard and comes up with a plan. Trevor‘s plan is a charitable program based on the networking of good deeds. Trevor does a favor for three people, asking each of them to pay the favor forward by doing favors for three other people, and so on, along a branching tree of good deeds. His first good deed is to let a homeless man named Jerry live in his garage, and Jerry pays the favor forward by doing car repairs for Trevor‘s mother. Trevor then selects Eugene as his next target and tricks Eugene and Arlene, Trevor‘s mother, divorced and single now, into a romantic dinner date. After her date with Eugene, Arlene paid Jerry‘s favor forward by forgiving her own mother, Grace, for her mistakes in raising Arlene, and Grace, who is homeless, helps a gang member and the gang member then saves a girl‘s life in a hospital, and the girl's father gives the reporter his new car…
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，同时提供理由或论据, 内容包括： （1）你如何看待Trevor的计划？
（2）如果你来完成Trevor的老师布置的这项任务，你的计划是什么？ 【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用本试卷中原文语句； 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3. 把答案写在答题卡上，不必写标题。 【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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