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indication of success
Collocation: persevere (in sth. / in doing sth.); persevere (with sth./sb.)
e.g. Despite a number of setbacks, they persevered in their attempts to fly around the world in a balloon.
She persevered with her violin lessons.
Derivations: persevering a.; perseverance n.
Part 3: Paragraphs 6-8
compliment: v. politely congratulate or praise (sb.) for sth. Collocation: compliment sb. (on sth.)
e.g. She complimented him on his excellent German. Comparison: compliment & complement
These words have similar spellings but completely different meanings. If you compliment someone, you say something very nice to them.
If one thing complements another, the two things work or look better because they are together. Blank filling:
The different flavors ___ each other perfectly. She ___ me on my English.
(Answer: A. complement; B. complimented)
venture to do sth.: be brave enough to say sth.
Collocation: venture sth.; venture to do sth.; venture + speech; venture that … e.g. She hardly dared to venture an opinion. She would never venture to ask for a raise. “And if I say no?” she ventured. Translation:
我小心翼翼地说她可能犯了个错误。
Answer: I ventured to suggest that she might have made a mistake.
III. Sentences
… you are beginning to feel impatient that there has been this long lull … (Paragraph 1) Paraphrase:
You are beginning to be anxious because there has been no progress of the war in such a long quiet period.
… appearances are often very deceptive … (Paragraph 3) Paraphrase:
Surface phenomena tend to be misleading.
… but then they must also pray to be given that extra courage to carry this far-reaching imagination (Paragraph 4) Paraphrase:
They wish to be equipped with excessive courage to accomplish or realize this effective and influential blueprint.
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... our account was closed ... (Paragraph 4) Rhetorical device and explanation:
Here the author uses a metaphor of “opening/closing a bank account” to mean that Britain is regarded by many as doomed and completely defeated by the enemy. The word “liquidated” in the next sentence implies the same. Originally, it means to close a business and sell everything it owns, usually in order to pay money that is owed.
Britain, other nations thought, had drawn a sponge across her slate. But instead our country stood in the gap. (Paragraph 5) Explanation:
This sentence uses metaphor for rhetorical effects. It means that, although it was believed our country had been virtually wiped out, we were in fact still holding out and shouldered the responsibility in isolation.
draw a sponge across her slate: a metaphor, meaning to completely wipe out
stand in the gap: to expose one’s self for the protection of sth., to take the place of a fallen defender
e.g. At the critical moment of world economic recession, a powerful government is needed to stand in the gap.
... we have only to persevere to conquer. (Paragraph 5) Paraphrase:
We have no choice but to hold on until victory comes. Translation:
我们别无选择，只有坚持不懈，直到胜利。
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Section Four Consolidation Activities
I. Vocabulary
I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. 1. gladden my heart 2. situation;circumstances 3. threat 4. splendid; heroic 5. sudden small movement because of pain or fear.
II. Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with a word or phrase from the box in its appropriate from.
1. put... Through 2. addressed himself to 3. was going through 4. Throwing our minds back to 5. yield to 6. close our account 7. ups and downs 8. Misfortunes
III. Word derivation
1) catastrophe n. → catastrophic a. → catastrophically ad.
① 那场地震是个大灾难，夺去了许多人的生命。
The earthquake was a major catastrophe, causing heavy loss of life. ② 战争的灾难性后果很快显现出来。
The catastrophic consequences of the war soon unfolded.
③ 关键时刻，预警系统灾难性地崩溃了。
The Warning System catastrophically collapsed at that critical moment.
2) deceive v. → deceptive a. → deceptively ad. → deception n.
① 他们骗她在文件上签了字。
They deceived her into signing the paper. ② 外表往往是靠不住的。
Appearances can often be deceptive． ③ 房子从外面看起来很小（实际上很大）。 The house looks deceptively small from the outside.
④ 他通过欺骗手段获取了那片资产。 He obtained that property by deception.
3) convict v. → conviction n.
① 他被判犯有谋杀罪。 He was convicted of murder. ② 她是一个道德信念坚定的女子。 She is a women of strong moral convictions.
4) apparent a. → apparently ad.
① 今年的利润表面上有所增加，是因为出售了公司的一部分财产。
The apparent improvement in this year’s profits is due to the selling off of some of the company’s property. ② 看来他们要提高电费了。
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Apparently, they are intending to put up the price of electricity.
5) persevere v. → persevering a. → perseverance n.
① 如果你把工作坚持下去，最终会取得成功的。
If you persevere with your work, you will succeed in the end. ② 玛丽是一位锲而不舍的学生。 Mary is a persevering student. ③ 他学得慢，但面对困难却表现出坚忍不拔的毅力。
He is slow to learn, but shows great perseverance in the face of difficulty.
6) desperate a. → desperately ad. → desperation n.
① 国家正遭受严重的食物短缺。
The country is suffering from a desperate shortage of food. ② 因为缺乏食物，他病得奄奄一息。
Due to the lack of food, he became desperately ill. ③ 他不顾一切地拼命踢门，企图能逃出去。
In desperation, he kicked at the door, hoping to escape.
7) flinch v. → flinching a.
Ant. unflinching a. → unflinchingly ad.
① 看到血，他畏缩了。
He flinched at the sight of blood.
② 在最艰难的时期，她忠贞不移地陪伴着他。
In the hardest time, she accompanied him with unflinching loyalty. ③ 他毫不畏惧地直面我的注视。 He met my gaze unflinchingly.
8) courage n. → courageous a. → encourage v. → encouraging a.
① 她听到这个坏消息时，表现出了非凡的勇气。
She showed remarkable courage when she heard the bad news.
② 你坦白承认自己的错误，真是勇敢。
It was courageous of your to frankly admit your mistake.
③ 你应该鼓励她去追逐自己的梦想，而不应该将你自己的想法强加于她。
You should encourage her in pursuit of her dreams, instead of imposing your own thoughts upon her.
④ 最近的贸易数字非常令人鼓舞。
The latest trade figures are very encouraging.
1． Phrase practice
1) She wouldn’t want to put them through the suffering of a huge ceremony.
put sb. through sth.: make sb. experience sth. very difficult or unpleasant e.g. 你最近让你的家人受了不少苦。
You have put your family through a lot recently.
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