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现在，也成为中国学生的留学首选之地。我知道下个星期就要举办2006英国教育展，您能否简单向我们介绍一下这个展览的概况？
? Correspondent: Higher education in Britain is world renowned, which has attracted
students from around the world to study there. It has also become a place of choice for Chinese students to pursue their further studies. As I know,2006 Britain Education Exposition will be held next week. Could you please brief on this upcoming exposition? ?
? Official: Yes, of course. Authorized by the Ministry of education of the PRC , 2006
British Education Exposition is cosponsored by Chinese Services Center for Scholarly Exchange and the Culture and Education Sector of the Britain Embassy. The exposition will be held in five cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangzhou and Zhengzhou, with more than 80 schools and education institutions from Britain participating.
? 官员：当然。2006年英国教育展是经中华人民共和国教育部批准，由中国留学服务
中心和英国大使馆文化教育处共同举办的。教育展有5个参展地点：北京，上海，广州，郑州，重庆，共有80多名英国院校和机构参加。 ?
? 记者：本次教育展将以怎样的形式进行呢？
? Correspondent: In what form will this exposition be held?
? Official: The key feature of the British Education Exposition is the face-to-face
communication with representatives from Britain schools, through which you can have the most updated information of these schools. Every representatives to the exposition is more than happy to give you the most comprehensive information and detailed explanation they can offer, such as the location of the school and the local climate, the admission criteria, the curriculum, the faculty members and education equipment, tuition and so on.
? 切尼教授：来英国教育展最重要的因素就是可以直接与英国代表面对面 地沟通，并
获得这些院校的最新信息。每位参加展览的英国院校代表，都很乐意提供最完整最详细的留学信息与分析解说，如：学校地理位置及当地的气候、申请入学的条件、课程内容、师资及教学设备、学费等等。 ?
? 记者：本次教育展将以怎样的形式进行呢？
? Correspondent: In what form will this exposition be held?
? Official: The key feature of the British Education Exposition is the face-to-face
communication with representatives from Britain schools, through which you can have the most updated information of these schools. Every representatives to the exposition is more than happy to give you the most comprehensive information and detailed explanation they can offer, such as the location of the school and the local climate, the admission criteria, the curriculum, the faculty members and education equipment, tuition and so on.
? 切尼教授：来英国教育展最重要的因素就是可以直接与英国代表面对面 地沟通，并
获得这些院校的最新信息。每位参加展览的英国院校代表，都很乐意提供最完整最详细的留学信息与分析解说，如：学校地理位置及当地的气候、申请入学的条件、课程内容、师资及教学设备、学费等等。
? 记者：对于学生来说，选择留学可以说是他们人生的一个重要选择，所以他们肯定
希望在作出抉择之前能够充分了解留学英国的相关资讯。例如英国的教育体系制度、奖学金的申请、学生签证的申请等等。
? Correspondent: For the students, the decision to study abroad is a major one in their
whole lives. Therefore, it’s natural for them to be fully aware of the relevant information of studying in the U.K. before they make the decision , such as the Britain educational system, scholarship application, visa application etc.
? 官员：你提到的这些内容，我们都有专题讲座进行针对性地讲解。来自英国使馆文
化教育处和签证处的官员会详细介绍英国的高等教育优势，特别是研究生课程的学习，申请程序，学费和生活费用，各类英国奖学金以及申请方式以及申请学生签证所需的文件，程序，注意事项以及最新的签证信息等等。
? Official: We have planned to hold special seminars on the various topics, including the
ones you just mentioned. Officials from the Cultural and Education Section and Visa Section of the British Embassy will elaborate on the advantages of studying in the U.K., especially in terms of post-graduate studies, application procedure, tuition fees and living expenses, various types of U.K. scholarships and how to apply for them, documents required for visa application, the visa application procedure, tips for visa application and the latest information in this regard. ? Correspondent: With so much information, I'm sure the participants will find this
exposition very rewarding.
? 记者：有这么多内容，我想参加者一定会觉得大有收获的。官员：对。在展览会上
参加者还有机会与留英校友面对面，倾听他们讲述自己的留英学习与生活经历。总之整个过程会非常互动。
? Official: They will. In addition, the participants will have an opportunity to listen to U.K.
Alumni speaking on their own experience of studying and living in the U.K..The whole process will be very interactive. ? Correspondent: As more and more Chinese choose to study in the U.K.,the cooperation
between our schools has developed accordingly. What is your perspective on this trend? ? 记者：伴随着越来越多的中国留学生远渡英伦，中英两国学校间的合作也在不断发
展。对此您有什么看法呢？
? 官员：我们当然对此非常欢迎。英国大使馆文化教育处一直致力于促进和支持中英
两国学校间的合作，满足英国中学更好地了解中国语言和文化的需求。校际往来项目可以通过提高教师专业水平和改进课程教纲，促进中国教育机构的发展。伙伴学校可以开设共同课程，以促进两国学生与教师间的交流，并共同开发语言学习项目。 ? Official: We welcome this trend, of course. The Cultural and Education Section of the
British Embassy has been promoting and supporting partnerships between schools in China and the U.K School Links promotes the development of Chinese educational institutions by contribution to the professional development of their staff and enhancing the curriculum. By forming partnerships, schools can develop joint curriculum projects, exchange of students and teachers and develop language learning programs together. ? Correspondent: What role does the Cultural and Education Sector of British Embassy
play in contributing to the cooperation in higher education between China and the U.K.? ? 记者：在两国的高等教育合作方面，英国大使馆文化教育处都起了哪些推动作用呢？ ? 官员：我们支持中英双方在高等教育领域内所进行的各种合作。我们致力于是两国
高等教育工作这之间的交流与互惠更加方便。通过与中英伙伴机构的合作
? ，我们发展了两国政府间的高等教育合作项目。这些项目设计的领域包括政策发展，
领导者培训，以及大学与业界的联系等。我们的合作伙伴包括中国教育部，英格兰高等教育拨款委员会以及两国的其他众多高等教育院校及机构。
? Official: We support all kinds of higher education collaboration between China and the
U.K. We aim to make it easy for people in higher education in both countries to get together for mutual benefit. With partners in the U.K. and China we develop the government-level higher education collaboration programs. We work in areas such as policy development, leadership development and university-industry links. Our partners include the Ministry of Education of China and the Higher Education Funding Council for England as well as many higher education institutions and organizations in both countries. ?
? Correspondent: Very interesting. I believe we both agree that institution s of higher
learning are not isolated ivory towers as they used to be. They serve as an integral part of the society as well as a bridge that facilitates the communication and exchange between countries.
? 记者：听起来非常又意思。我想，我们都一致认为：高等学府已经不再像过去一样
是个与世隔绝的象牙塔，它既是社会有机的构成部分，也是国家之间交流往来的桥梁
? 官员：非常对。如今，大学的作用不仅仅是进行研究，教学以及创新，同时也应当
帮助创造一个繁荣的知识型社会。我们帮助中英高等教育界的认识互相交流，户型学习如何是高等教育能够更好地发挥以上作用。
? Official: Exactly. Today, universities are expected to deliver research, learning and
innovation ,and to contribute to a prosperous and knowledge-based society. We bring together practitioners from higher education in the U.L and China to learn from one another about how best to do all these things. ? ? ? ? ?
Unit 14
(中国人民银行项俊波副行长就中国人民银行成立上海总部有关问题接受采访) Xiang Junbo, Deputy Governor of the People’s Bank of China Answers Questions Regarding the inauguration of PBC Shanghai Head Office
问：Mr. Xiang, the establishment of the PBC Shanghai Head Office has given rise to much concern in the financial circle and the media. There is a lot of reporting and conjecture. Thank you very much for receiving our interview.
问：项先生，中国人民银行上海总部的成立引起了金融界和媒体的广泛关注，有很多报道和猜测。非常感谢您接受我们的采访。
答：也谢谢你的采访。确实像你所说，上海总部的成立，媒体给予了大量宣传报道。对这些分析报道和评论我都认真进行了阅读。在此，我也对新闻媒体对人民银行上海总部工作的关心和支持表示感谢。
Thank you. As you said, the establishment of the PBC Shanghai Head Office has been widely covered by the media. I have read the relevant reports and commentaries. I would like to thank the press for their concern and support for the PBC Shanghai Head Office. 问： Since China adopted the reform and opening-up policy, the central bank has undergone several institutional changes. In 1984, the State Council decided to have the
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PBC act solely as a central bank. In 1995, The Law of the People’s Bank of China confirmed the legitimate status of the PBC as the central bank.
问： 改革开放以来，央行体制的重要调整有这么几次：1984年国务院决定中国人民银行专门履行中央银行的职责；1995年通过《中国人民银行法》进一步从法律上明确了中国人民银行的地位；
In 1998, the PBC dismantled its provincial branches and set up regional branches. In 2003, the banking supervisory function was transferred from the PBC to a separate regulatory institution.
1998年人民银行撤销省级分行，跨省设立分行；2003年把银行业金融机构的监管职责分离出去。
Does the establishment of the PBC Shanghai Head Office constitute another important institutional reform of the PBC? And what impact will have on China’s financial sector? 那么，这次上海总部的成立是否可以说是央行又一次的重大体制调整？这又将给中国的金融业格局带来什么样的影响呢？
答： 改革开放以来，随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的逐步完善，我国的中央银行体制也在适应新的形势不断进行优化和调整。
答： Since the reform and opening up and with the gradual improvement of the socialist market economy, the central bank has been undergoing constant improvement and readjustment.
这次人民银行设立上海总部，是我国中央银行体制的一次自我完善，是更好地发挥中央人民银行在宏观调控中作用的重要举措。成立上海总部，主要是围绕金融市场和金融中心的建设来加强中央银行的调节职能和服务职能。
The establishment of the PBC Shanghai Head Office is an important step to improve the central bank system and to strengthen the role of the central bank in macro-economic management. With the Shanghai Head Office established, the PBC will enhance its macro-adjustment and service capability by facilitating the development of the financial markets and financial center.
正如周小川行长在上海总部揭牌仪式上指出的，经济市场化程度越高，交通通讯越便利，跨区域的经济活动就越多，金融市场和金融服务的规模经济效应就越突出。 As Governor Zhou Xiaochuan pointed out at the inauguration ceremony of the PBC Shanghai Head Office, as the economy gets increasingly market-oriented and transportation and communication further improve, cross-regional economic activities will increase, and financial markets and financial services will increasingly benefit from economy of scale.
而金融中心的形成又是一个国家具有国际竞争力和金融服务高效率的一个标尺。
? The development of financial center is an indication of strong international
competitiveness and the high efficiency of financial services. ?
? 目前上海已成为格雷金融机构在我国内地的主要集聚地。这里设有全国统一的银行
间同业拆借市场、债券市场和外汇市场，拥有证券、商品期货饿黄金三个交易所。 ? Shanghai has become the hub of various financial institutions in China, which is home to
the national unified inter-bank lending market, bond market and foreign exchange and a gold exchange.
? 建设伤害国际金融中心也已成为一项国家战略。因此，用“应运而生”来形容上海总
部的设立是非常贴切的。
? Building Shanghai into an international financial center has been set as a national
strategy. The PBC Shanghai Office has been established in response to the requirement of current situation.
? 总而言之，设立中国人民银行上海总部有利于进一步完善中央银行的决策和操作体
系，提高中央银行宏观调控的水平，提高中央银行金融市场的服务水平。 ? The PBC Shanghai Head Office has been set up with a view to further improve the
decision-making and operating system of the central bank, strengthen its macroeconomic management capability, and enable the central to better serve the financial markets.
? 同时也有利于巩固目前上海作为国内重要金融中心的地位，并将为伤害国际金融中
心的建设注入新的活力。 ? It will also reinforce the role of Shanghai as a domestic financial center and promote the
development of Shanghai into an international financial center. ? 问： Just now you mentioned the goal you are seeking to achieve in building the Shanghai
Head Office. How will the central bank operated so that it can take advantage of the close contacts with the markets?
? 问： 您刚才提到了上海总部建设的目标，那么进一步来讲，央行的操作体系究竟如
何发挥贴近市场的优势？
? 答： 在现代市场经济条件下，中央银行的货币政策操作主要采用间接调控模式，即
中央银行通过参与金融市场交易来调节市场流动性或利率水平，并借助金融市场将货币政策信号传导到金融体系，进而影响实体经济的产出和总体价格水平。
? 答： In a market economy, the central bank mainly relies on indirect instruments to
implement monetary policy. It adjusts market liquidity and interest rates by conducting transactions in the financial markets, and transmits monetary policy signals to the financial sector through the financial markets, thus influences the output and overall price level of the real sector.
? 间接调控的货币政策操作以公开市场操作为主，同时辅以再贴现操作等手段。
? Indirect monetary policy instrumences are mainly open market operations supplemented
by other means such as rediscount window.
? 由于中央银行的货币政策操作是一种市场行为，就必须对市场形势有准确的判断。 ? Market-based monetary policy operations rely on accurate judgment of market
development.
? 目前上海是金融市场集中的地方。中央银行在上海设立总部，并承担公开市场操作
等货币政策操作职能。一是操作人员可以实时观察金融市场的变化，及时对市场走向作出判断，这有助于操作人员选择最佳操作策略。
? At present, China’s financial markets are concentrated in Shanghai. By established a
Head Office and conducting monetary operations in Shanghai, the central bank can enjoy several benefits. First, the staff conducting such operations will be able to formulate optimal strategy by monitoring market development in real time and make timely judgment on market trend.
? 二是操作人员可以及时与市场组织者和市场参与者沟通，有利于形成正确的市场预
期。三是中央银行在上海开展货币政策操作还可以对市场的异常波动迅速作出反应，有利于市场的平稳运行。
? Second, timely exchange of information with market organizers and participants will help