1
1
缁涔犻鍙傝�冪瓟妗?/p>
1.
浠庢暀鏉愪腑鍙互鎵惧埌涓嬪垪鏈鐨勭瓟妗?/p>
2. HCl
銆?/p>
CH
3
OH
銆?/p>
CH
2
Cl
2
鍜?/p>
CH
3
OCH
3
涓烘瀬鎬у垎瀛愶紱
Cl
2
鍜?/p>
CCl
4
涓洪潪鏋佹�у垎瀛愩�?/p>
3.
鍙傜収琛?/p>
1-7
锛屽彲浠ュ啓鍑轰笅鍒楀寲鍚堢墿鐨?/p>
Lewis
缁撴瀯寮?/p>
4.
浜叉牳璇曞墏锛?/p>
Cl
-
锛?/p>
-
CH
3
锛涗翰鐢佃瘯鍓傦細
AlCl
3
锛?/p>
C
2
H
4
锛?/p>
CH
4
锛?/p>
ZnCl
2
锛?/p>
BF
3
锛?/p>
CH
3
CN
锛?/p>
Ag
+
锛?/p>
H
+
锛?/p>
Br
+
锛?/p>
Fe
+
锛?/p>
+
NO
2
锛?/p>
+
CH
3
锛?/p>
鏃㈡槸浜叉牳璇曞墏鍙堟槸浜茬數璇曞墏锛?/p>
H
2
O
锛?/p>
CH
3
OH
锛?/p>
HCHO
銆?/p>
5.
灞炰簬閰哥殑鍖栧悎鐗╋細
HBr
锛?/p>
NH
4
+
锛涘睘浜庣⒈鐨勫寲鍚堢墿锛?/p>
CN
-
锛涙棦鏄吀鍙堟槸纰辩殑鍖栧悎鐗╋細
NH
3
锛?/p>
HS
-
锛?/p>
H
2
O
锛?/p>
HCO
3
-
6.
鎸夌収纰抽鏋跺垎绫伙紝鑺抽鏃忓寲鍚堢墿涓猴細
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
4
锛?/p>
锛涜剛鐜?/p>
(
鏃?/p>
)
鍖栧悎鐗╀负锛?/p>
锛?/p>
5
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
6
锛?/p>
锛涘紑閾惧寲鍚堢墿涓猴細
锛?/p>
7
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
8
锛?/p>
銆傛寜
鐓у畼鑳藉洟鍒嗙被锛岀晶閰革細
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
6
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
7
锛?/p>
锛涢唶锛?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
5
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
8
锛?/p>
锛涢厷锛?/p>
锛?/p>
4
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
7.
鎸夌収纰抽鏋跺垎绫伙紝闄や簡
(2)
鍜?/p>
(5)
涔嬪閮藉睘浜庝笉楗卞拰鍖栧悎鐗┿�傚睘浜庡摢涓�鏃忥紵
(
鐣?/p>
)
2
鐑风儍涔犻鍙傝�冪瓟妗?/p>
1
(1)
1掳
1掳
1掳
1掳
2掳
2掳
2掳
3掳
3掳
2-
鐢插熀
-3-
涔欏熀宸辩兎
(2)
1掳
1掳
1掳
1掳
2掳
2掳
2掳
3掳
3掳
2掳
3-
鐢插熀
-5-
涔欏熀搴氱兎
(3)
1掳
1掳
1掳
1掳
1掳
2掳
2掳
2掳
2掳
2掳
3掳
4掳
3,6-
浜岀敳鍩?/p>
-3-
涔欏熀杈涚兎
(4)
1掳
1掳
1掳
1掳
1掳
1掳
2掳
2掳
2掳
2掳
2掳
3掳
3掳
3掳
3掳
3,5-
浜岀敳鍩?/p>
-6-
寮備笝鍩虹櫢鐑?/p>
(5) 2,3,5,5,7-
浜旂敳鍩鸿緵鐑?/p>
(6) 2,4,4-
涓夌敳鍩?/p>
-5-
涔欏熀杈涚兎
(7) 2,7-
浜岀敳鍩?/p>
-7-
涔欏熀澹兎
(8) 2,11,14-
涓夌敳鍩?/p>
-7-
涔欏熀鍗佸叚鐑?/p>
2
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
CH
CH
3
CH
3
H
3
C
(6)
3
瑙ｏ細鐑风儍鍒嗗瓙闂寸殑浣滅敤鍔涗富瑕佹槸鑹叉暎鍔涳紝闅忕潃鍒嗗瓙璐ㄩ噺澧炲姞锛岃壊鏁ｅ姏澧炲ぇ锛屼娇娌哥偣鍗囬珮銆傚悇寮傛瀯浣撲腑锛屼竴鑸槸鐩撮摼
鐑风儍鐨勬哺鐐规渶楂橈紝鏀摼鎰堝娌哥偣鎰堜綆銆傛晠娌哥偣锛氭鐧哥兎锛炴搴氱兎锛炴宸辩兎锛?/p>
2-
鐢插熀鎴婄兎锛?/p>
2,3-
浜岀敳鍩轰竵鐑?/p>
4
瑙ｏ細
鍚崟鐢靛瓙鐨勭⒊涓婅繛鎺ョ殑鐑峰熀瓒婂锛?/p>
鑷敱鍩鸿秺绋冲畾锛?/p>
鑷敱鍩鸿秺绋冲畾鍒欏舰鎴愪骇鐗╃殑鏈轰細瓒婂銆?/p>
鑷敱鍩虹殑绋冲畾鎬ф搴忎负锛?/p>
路
C(CH
3
)
3
锛?/p>
路
CH(CH
3
)
2
锛?/p>
路
CH
2
CH
3
锛?/p>
路
CH
3
5
瑙ｏ細
C
n
H
2n+2
= 72
锛屾墍浠?/p>
n
= 5
銆傝鐑风儍鐨勬瀯閫犲紡涓猴細
CH
3
CHCH
2
CH
3
CH
3
6
锛?/p>
1
锛夋宸辩兎
Cl
Cl
Cl
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
CH
3
CHCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
CH
3
CH
2
CHCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
2-
鐢插熀鎴婄兎
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
2,2-
浜岀敳鍩轰竵鐑?
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
2
CCH
2
CH
3
CH
2
CCHCH
3
CH
3
CCH
2
CH
2
Cl
Cl
Cl
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
7
瑙ｏ細
8
瑙ｏ細鍥涚鍏稿瀷鏋勮薄涓垎瀛愬唴鑳芥渶浣庣殑鏄浣嶄氦鍙夊紡
(a)
锛屽洜涓哄畠鐨勪袱涓ぇ鍩哄洟
(CH
3
-
鍜?/p>
Cl-)
鐩歌窛鏈�杩滐紝鎵浆寮犲姏鏈�灏忥紱
鍒嗗瓙鍐呰兘鏈�楂樼殑鏄叏閲嶅彔寮?/p>
(d)
涓哄畠鐨勪袱涓ぇ鍩哄洟鐩歌窛鏈�杩戯紝鎵浆寮犲姏鏈�澶э紱鍏朵粬涓ょ鏋勮薄鐨勫唴鑳藉浜庝笂杩颁袱绉嶆瀯璞′箣