1
绗?/p>
14
绔?/p>
姘ф棌鍏冪礌涔犻绛旀
1
锛庢瘮杈冩哀鍏冪礌鍜岀～鍏冪礌鎴愰敭鐗圭偣锛岀畝瑕佽鏄庡師鍥犮�?/p>
瑙ｏ細
姘у厓绱犱笌纭厓绱犵浉姣旓紝鍚勮嚜鏈変竴浜涙垚閿壒鐐癸細
锛?/p>
1
锛夐敭瑙ｇ鑳?/p>
鑷韩褰㈡垚鍗曢敭鏃讹紝閿В绂昏兘
O-O
锛?/p>
142
kJ路
mol
-1
锛?/p>
<
S-S
锛?/p>
264
kJ路
mol
-1
锛?/p>
>
Se-Se
锛?/p>
172
kJ路
mol
-1
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
涓庣數璐熸�ц緝澶с�?/p>
浠风數瀛愭暟鐩緝澶氱殑鍏冪礌鐨勫師瀛愭垚閿椂锛?/p>
O-F
锛?/p>
190 kJ路
mol
-1
锛?/p>
< S-F
锛?/p>
326 kJ路
mol
-1
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
O-Cl
锛?/p>
205 kJ路
mol
-1
锛?/p>
< S-Cl
锛?/p>
255 kJ路
mol
-1
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
姘х殑鍗曢敭瑙ｇ鑳藉亸灏忥紝
鏄洜涓哄畠鏄浜屽懆鏈熷厓绱狅紝
鍘熷瓙鍗婂緞杈冨皬锛屾垚閿悗锛?/p>
鐢靛瓙瀵嗗害杩?/p>
澶с�佺數瀛愪簰鐩告帓鏂ヤ綔鐢ㄥ鍔犳墍鑷淬�?/p>
浣嗘槸锛?/p>
褰撲笌鐢佃礋鎬ц緝灏忋�?/p>
浠风數瀛愭暟鐩緝灏戠殑鍏冪礌鍘熷瓙鎴愰敭鏃讹紝
姘ф墍褰㈡垚鐨勫崟閿В绂昏兘鍗?/p>
澶т簬纭墍褰㈡垚鐨勫搴斿崟閿紝
濡?/p>
O-C
锛?/p>
359 kJ路
mol
-1
锛?/p>
> S-C
锛?/p>
272 kJ路
mol
-1
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
O-H
锛?/p>
467 kJ路
mol
-1
锛?/p>
>
S-H
锛?/p>
374
kJ路
mol
-1
锛?/p>
銆傛樉鐒讹紝鐢变簬鎴愰敭鍚庝环灞傜數瀛愬瘑搴︿笉鑷充簬杩囧ぇ锛?/p>
O-C
鍜?/p>
O-H
鍘熷瓙杞ㄩ亾鏇?/p>
鏈夋晥鐨勯噸鍙犲拰鑳介噺鏇寸浉杩戣捣鐫�涓诲浣滅敤銆?/p>
鍙岄敭瑙ｇ鑳?/p>
O=O (493.59 kJ路
mol
-1
) > S=S (427.7 kJ路
mol
-1
)
锛?/p>
杩欒鏄庝互
2p
-
2p
鍘熷瓙杞ㄩ亾褰㈡垚
寮虹殑
蟺
閿槸绗簩鍛ㄦ湡鍏冪礌鐨勭壒寰侊紝鍥犱负鏍规嵁鐢靛瓙浜戝緞鍚戝垎甯冨嚱鏁板浘锛?/p>
2p
-
2p
鍘熷瓙杞ㄩ亾鏈夋晥閲?/p>
鍙犱紭浜?/p>
3p-3p
锛屽悗鑰呯鏍歌緝杩戠殑閮ㄥ垎鍩烘湰涓嶅弬涓庝簰鐩搁噸鍙狅紝濡傛暀鏉?/p>
鍥?/p>
14.1
鎵�绀恒�?/p>
鍦ㄥ悓鏃忓厓绱犱腑锛岀～鍘熷瓙鍗婂緞閫備腑锛?/p>
S-S
鍗曢敭鐨勯敭鑳芥渶澶э紙鍙傞槄鏁欐潗
琛?/p>
14.1
锛?/p>
锛岀～鍘熷瓙褰?/p>
鎴愬崟閿悗锛?/p>
鍓╀綑鐨勪环鐢靛瓙鍙敤浜庣户缁簰鐩稿舰鎴愬崟閿紝
鏁呭彲浠ュ舰鎴愮～閾撅紝
姝ょ壒鎬т笉浣嗚〃鐜板湪鍗?/p>
璐ㄤ腑锛屽悓鏃朵篃鍛堢幇鍦ㄤ竴绯诲垪澶氱～鍖栫墿锛堟暀鏉?/p>
14.3.3
锛変腑銆?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛夊寲瀛﹂敭绫诲瀷
澶氭暟姘у寲鐗╀负绂诲瓙鍨嬶紝鑰岀～鍖栫墿澶氭暟涓哄叡浠峰瀷锛屼粎
IA
銆?/p>
IIA
鍖栧悎鐗?/p>
Na
2
S
銆?/p>
BaS
绛変负绂?/p>
瀛愬瀷銆傝繖鏄剧劧涓庢哀鍏冪礌鐢佃礋鎬с�佽�岀～鍏冪礌鐢佃礋鎬у皬浜庢哀鏈夊叧銆?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛夐厤浣嶆暟
鐢变簬姘у厓绱犲師瀛愬彧鏈?/p>
4
涓环杞ㄩ亾锛?/p>
2s
銆?/p>
2p
x
銆?/p>
2p
y
銆?/p>
2p
z
锛?/p>
锛屾晠鍏舵渶澶ч厤浣嶆暟鏄?/p>
4
锛涜�岀涓夊懆
鏈熷厓绱?/p>
S
鏈�澶ч厤浣嶆暟鏄?/p>
6
锛堝
SF
6
锛?/p>
锛岃鏄?/p>
S
鍘熷瓙鏈変袱涓?/p>
3d
杞ㄩ亾鍙互琚敤浜庡舰鎴愰厤浣嶉敭銆?/p>
2
锛庢瘮杈冩哀銆佽嚟姘у拰杩囨哀鍖栨阿鐨勫垎瀛愮粨鏋勫拰姘у寲
-
杩樺師鎬ц川銆?/p>
瑙ｏ細
姘у垎瀛愮粨鏋勶細
O
2
鐨勫垎瀛愯建閬撳紡涓?/p>
2
*
2
2
2
2
*
1
*
1
2
2s
2s
2p
2p
2p
2p
2p
O
[KK (
蟽
)
(
蟽
)
(
蟽
)
(
蟺
)
(
蟺
)
(
蟺
)
(
蟺
)
]
x
y
z
y
z
锛屾哀
鍒嗗瓙涓?/p>
O
锛?/p>
O
鐨勬垚閿负
1
飦?/p>
+ 2
3
2
飦?/p>
銆?/p>
鑷哀鍒嗗瓙缁撴瀯锛?/p>
鍒嗗瓙鍛?/p>
V
褰紝
涓績姘у師瀛愪綔
sp
2
鏉傚寲锛?/p>
涓庝袱涓鍩烘哀鍘熷瓙褰㈡垚鍏变环鍗曢敭锛?
鍚屾椂涓変釜姘у師瀛愪箣闂村舰鎴?/p>
4
3
飦?/p>
閿紝濡備笅鍥撅細
:
:
:
.
.
:
O
:
O
O
:
杩囨哀鍖栨阿鐨勫垎瀛愮粨鏋勶細姘旀�?/p>
H
2
O
2
鍒嗗瓙缁撴瀯濡備笅鍥炬墍绀猴紝鍒嗗瓙褰㈢姸濡傚悓鍙屾姌绾匡紝缃簬涓�
鏈墦寮�鐨勪功涓紝涓や釜
O
鍘熷瓙鍧囦綔
sp
3
涓嶇瓑鎬ф潅鍖栵紝浜掔浉涔嬮棿鎴愬崟閿紝骞跺悇涓庝竴涓?/p>
H
鍘熷瓙褰?/p>
鎴愬崟閿�傚垎瀛愪腑鍚繃姘ч敭
锛堚�?/p>
O
鈥?/p>
O
鈥曪級
銆傛恫鎬佸拰鍥烘�佽繃姘у寲姘㈢敱浜庡垎瀛愪箣闂存阿閿殑浣滅敤锛?
閿暱鍜岄敭瑙掓湁鎵�鏀瑰彉銆?/p>