Summary
The passage discusses Confucius鈥?nbsp;theory of cultivating one鈥檚 behavior toward family
and society. It begins with the introduction of historical background of his time 鈥?nbsp;the
Spring
and Autumn
Period.
It
experienced
a
dramatic
change
of
social
system
and
prolonged chaos and fighting. As a result, the cultural tradition inherited from ancient
times was corrupted. Confucius
wanted to restore the great tradition abandoned (
鎶?/p>
寮?/p>
)
by
people
and
established
harmonious
social
relationships
among
people.
To
realize this, Confucius proposed self-cultivation with the starting point from feelings to
parents. The feelings are nourished and cultivated into family reverence. The love for
parents extends to other people as one begins to
銆婅璇�嬫槸鍎掑瀛︽淳鐨勭粡鍏歌憲浣?/p>
(
classics)
涔嬩竴锛岃涔﹁褰曚簡锛?/p>
records
锛夊瓟
瀛?/p>
鍙?/p>
鍏?/p>
寮?/p>
瀛?/p>
鐨?/p>
瑷�
琛?/p>
锛?/p>
浼?/p>
鎺?/p>
鍎?/p>
瀹?/p>
鐨?/p>
涓?/p>
瑕?/p>
鎬?/p>
鎯?/p>
锛?/p>
central
theme
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
浠?/p>
銆?/p>
涔?/p>
(righteousness)
銆佺ぜ銆佹櫤锛屽叾涓粊鏄剴瀹剁殑鏍稿績浠峰�艰锛?/p>
kernel
value
锛?/p>
銆備粊鏄?/p>
鎸囩埍鐖舵瘝鍜屾暚闀垮厔锛屽鏋滆繖绉嶅瀹跺涵鎴愬憳鐨勬儏鎰熶几寤?/p>
(extend to)
鍒扮ぞ浼氱殑鍏?/p>
浠栦汉韬笂锛?/p>
浜轰笌浜轰箣闂村拰鐫﹀叧绯讳篃灏卞缓绔嬭捣鏉ヤ簡銆?/p>
The
Analects
is
one
of
the
Confucian
classics.
The
book
records
the
sayings
and
behaviours of Confucius and his disciples. It teaches the central theme of Confucianism
including humaneness, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom, of which humaneness is
Confucius鈥?nbsp;kernel value. Humaneness is taken as love for parents and respect for elder
brothers. If the feelings for family members are extended to other people in the society,
harmonious relationships among individuals will be built up.
鎱曡鑴氭湰
1
銆?/p>
The
Wisdom
of
Confucius
discusses
the
most
important
school
of
Chinese
philosophy鈥?nbsp;Confucianism 鈥?nbsp;with the focus on its core concepts
Ren
and
Li
.
Ren
means
goodness
or
benevolence
and
Li
means
ritual
or
propriety.
Ren
and
L
i
were
advocated by Confucius 2500 years ago for the purpose of restoring political order of
Zhou Dynasty. The doctrine has exerted a great influence on Chinese culture ever since,
from cultivating filial piety at home, to giving love to everybody, until keeping social
and political order in a country. With
Ren
and
Li
, Chinese culture is characterized by
harmony
and
equilibrium,
building
harmonious
relationships
between
human
and