闄堟皬鏃忚氨鈥斺�斿張涓�鎵光�滃瓧杈堚�濇悳缃?/p>
绗竴鏈涙棌鍓嶈█瀵艰
鍓嶅嚑鏈熶笂杩囦竴鎵瑰瓧杈堟帓搴忥紝
铏藉皻涓嶅畬鍠勶紝
浣嗘垜浠敖鍙兘鎼滅綏鍒版洿鍔?/p>
璇︾粏鐨勪俊鎭紝浠婂ぉ鍙堟悳缃椾簡涓�鎵广�傛湜鍚勪綅瀹朵汉瀵瑰鏃忕殑瀛楄緢鏈夎繘涓�姝ョ殑浜嗚В銆傞檲姘忓璋卞師
搴?/p>
(
涓�
)
灏濋椈姘村繀鏈夋簮锛?/p>
鏈ㄧ殕鏈夋湰锛?/p>
涓嶆函鍏舵簮涓嶇煡浼楁祦涔嬩綍浠ュぇ涔?/p>
,
涓嶇┓鍏舵湰鑾柣绻佹灊涔嬩綍
浠ュ涔?/p>
锛?/p>
鐗╁浐濡傛浜轰害瀹滅劧銆?/p>
鍚鹃檲姘忔棫灞呮睗閮￠潪鍚屼粬鏃忔潵鑷紓鍩熶篃锛屼笉鑻ュ埆鎴疯縼
鑷涔?/p>
涔燂紝
甯宸蹭箙锛?/p>
鎴峰彛娈风箒锛?/p>
璁垫棤瀹惰氨浠ュ織濮嬫湯涔庯紵
濂堝墠鏄庢湯骞磋醇鍖粙涔憋紝
鍚捐繙绁栨姳璋遍�冪敓锛?/p>
鐩镐紶鑷充粰濂虫ˉ澶勪汉浼よ氨澶憋紝
浠ヨ嚧鍓嶄唬绁栧畻涓栫郴璁冲瓧鏃犺�冦�?/p>
鎵�鍙煡鑰咃紝姝紙鍙級鏈夐檲榫欎互
涓嬫暟杈堝悕璁筹紝鍗充互榫欏叕涓哄绁栫剦銆?/p>
榫欑敓涓�瀛愯浠插畧锛屼徊瀹堢敓涓夊瓙锛岄暱寰锋柊锛屾寰烽偦锛屼笁寰峰皻銆傚痉鏂板垎灞呮睗鍗楀煄瑗垮亸璺濆煄
鍏噷鍙蜂箟澹潙
,
鍏跺悗浜哄張鍒嗗眳瑗夸埂娲北搴欏喎姘存渤宀稿崡鍖椾勘鏈夊姘忥紱
寰烽偦鍒嗗眳纭北閭戝煄鍖楅儕
涓夐噷搴楀
,
浜︽湁鍚庤锛涘痉灏氫粛灞呮睗鍗楅儭鍩庡唴锛岃鍙锋按宸凤紝鍏跺悗浜鸿嚦閬撳厜鍗佷竴骞撮棿娓愮粷锛?/p>
鎵�
浠呭瓨鑰呭煄涓滃簷鍎挎咕铏芥湁濮撴皬鍏朵汉瑕佷害鏃犲鑰炽�?/p>
浜?/p>
锛堣鏂囦綔鑰呭簲閫夊叕锛?/p>
涓洪緳绁栧崄浜屼笘瀛欙紝
涓旂郴鍚堟棌澶у畻鎬�鐟句箣鑳炲彅閬垫棌绁栨櫙婢勫叕
锛堝
璋遍鍒涜�呬竾娓呭叕锛夌害鍚屽爞鍏勮崋灞卞叕锛堝弬涓庡璋遍鍒涜�呭眳涓叕锛?/p>
锛屼唬渚勯�犱慨瀹惰氨銆傝櫧涓嶈兘涓惧墠
涔嬩骸澶辫�呭姹囧叾鍏紝涓婂彲浜庝粖蹇楀瓨鐣欒�呴噰闆嗗叾鍗娿�傚嚒涓囨畩鑰屽疄涓轰竴鏈�咃紝鐨嗗垪浜庤氨锛?/p>
鑻ュ悓
濮撳効鐨勫嚭涓ゆ簮鑰咃紝涓嶇櫥浜庡唽銆傚憾浣垮悗涓栧瓙瀛欙紝鐢遍緳绁栦互涓嬮『鑰屾暟涔嬶紝鏀淳铏藉鑰屼笉娣蜂篃銆?/p>
鑷湰韬互涓婇�嗚�屾帹涔嬶紝鍏舵簮铏借繙鑰屽彲杈句篃锛屾槸涓哄簭銆?/p>
澶ф竻
閬撳厜
浜屽崄鍏勾宀侊紙鍏厓
1849
骞达級鍥涙湀浜屽崄鏃ュ崄涓栬瀛欙紙闄堬級涓囨竻鍗佷簩涓栬瀛?/p>
锛堥檲锛夊簲閫夋矏鎵嬩粷蹇楋紙浜岋級瀹朵箣鏈変箻锛岀姽鍘夸箣鏈夊織涔燂紝鍘挎棤蹇楀垯涓�鍘夸箣娼滃痉婀紝瀹舵棤涔樺垯