瀛﹀ぇ鏁欒偛
涓嶆�?/p>
,
鏁呮湁鎯?/p>
;
涓嶆眰
,
鏁呮棤寰?/p>
;
涓嶉棶
,
鏁呬笉鐭?/p>
!
閲戝睘鍖栧鏂圭▼寮?/p>
绗?/p>
1
椤?/p>
鍏?/p>
7
椤?/p>
Na
銆?/p>
Mg
銆?/p>
Al
銆?/p>
Fe
鍙婂叾鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍖栧鏂圭▼寮忓拰绂诲瓙鏂圭▼寮?/p>
涓�銆?/p>
Na
鍙婂叾鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍖栧鏂圭▼寮忓拰绂诲瓙鏂圭▼寮?/p>
(1)Na
鐨勫弽搴?/p>
1
銆侀挔鍜屾按鍙嶅簲锛?/p>
鏂圭▼寮?/p>
: 2Na+2H
2
O=2NaOH+H
2
鈫?nbsp;
绂诲瓙鏂圭▼寮?/p>
: 2Na+2H
2
O=2Na
锛?/p>
2OH
锛?/p>
+H
2
鈫?/p>
2.
閽犲垎鍒拰姘ф皵銆佺～銆佹隘姘旓細
2Na+O
2
鐐圭噧
Na
2
O
2
(
鎴栧姞鐑?/p>
)
4Na+O
2
锛?/p>
2Na
2
O
2Na+S
锛?/p>
Na
2
S
2Na+Cl
2
鐐圭噧
2NaCl
3.
閽犲垎鍒拰鐩愰吀
(
鎴栫～閰?/p>
)
銆侀唻閰?/p>
鏂圭▼寮?/p>
: 2Na+2HCl=2NaCl+H
2
鈫?nbsp;
绂诲瓙鏂圭▼寮?/p>
: 2Na+2H
锛?/p>
=2Na
锛?/p>
+H
2
鈫?nbsp;
鏂圭▼寮?/p>
: 2Na+H
2
SO
4
=Na
2
SO
4
+H
2
鈫?nbsp;
绂诲瓙鏂圭▼寮?/p>
: 2Na+2H
锛?/p>
=2Na
锛?/p>
+H
2
鈫?/p>
鏂圭▼寮?/p>
:
2Na+2CH
3
COOH=2CH
3
COONa+H
2
鈫?/p>
绂诲瓙鏂圭▼寮?/p>
:
2Na+2CH
3
COOH=2CH
3
COO
锛?/p>
+2Na
+
+H
2
鈫?/p>
4.
閽犲垎鍒拰纭吀閾滄憾娑层�佹隘鍖栭搧婧舵恫
鏂圭▼寮?/p>
:
2Na
锛?/p>
2H
2
O+CuSO
4
=Cu(OH)
2
鈫?Na
2
SO
4
锛?/p>
H
2
鈫?/p>
绂诲瓙鏂圭▼寮?/p>
:
2Na
锛?/p>
2H
2
O+Cu
2
锛?/p>
=Cu(OH)
2
鈫?2Na
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
H
2
鈫?/p>
鏂圭▼寮?/p>
:
6Na
锛?/p>
6H
2
O+2FeCl
3
=2Fe(OH)
3
鈫?6NaCl
锛?/p>
3H
2
鈫?/p>
绂诲瓙鏂圭▼寮?/p>
:
6Na
锛?/p>
6H
2
O+2Fe
3
锛?/p>
=2Fe(OH)
3
鈫?6Na
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
3H
2
鈫?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
Na
鐨勬哀鍖栫墿鍙嶅簲
1.
姘у寲閽犲垎鍒笌姘淬�佺洂閰?/p>
鏂圭▼寮?/p>
: Na
2
O+H
2
O=2NaOH
绂诲瓙鏂圭▼寮?/p>
: Na
2
O+H
2
O=2Na
+
+2OH
锛?/p>
鏂圭▼寮?/p>
: Na
2
O+2HCl=2NaCl+H
2
O
绂诲瓙鏂圭▼寮?/p>
: Na
2
O+2H
+
=2Na
+
+H
2
O
2.
杩囨哀鍖栭挔鍒嗗埆涓庣洂閰搞�佹按
鏂圭▼寮?/p>
: 2Na
2
O
2
+4HCl=4NaCl+2H
2
O+O
2
鈫?/p>
绂诲瓙鏂圭▼寮?/p>
: 2Na
2
O
2
+4H
+
=4Na
+
+2H
2
O+O
2
鈫?/p>
鏂圭▼寮?/p>
: 2Na
2
O
2
+2H
2
O=4NaOH+O
2
鈫?/p>
绂诲瓙鏂圭▼寮?/p>
: 2Na
2
O
2
+2H
2
O=4Na
+
+4OH
锛?/p>
+O
2
鈫?/p>
3.
杩囨哀鍖栭挔鍒嗗埆涓庝簩姘у寲纰筹細
2Na
2
O
2
+2CO
2
=2Na
2
CO
3
+O
2
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
Na
2
CO
3
銆?/p>
NaHCO
3
鐩愮殑鍙嶅簲
1.
鍒嗗埆鍔犵儹纰抽吀閽犲拰纰抽吀姘㈤挔鍥轰綋
(
閴村埆鍥轰綋
Na
2
CO
3
銆?/p>
NaHCO
3
鐨勬柟娉?/p>
)
纰抽吀閽犲彈鐑笉鍒嗚В
2NaHCO
3
鈻?/p>
Na
2
CO
3
+H
2
O+CO
2
鈫?/p>
2.
纰抽吀閽犲拰纰抽吀姘㈤挔婧舵恫鍒嗗埆涓庡皯閲?/p>
(
鎴栬繃閲?/p>
)
鐨勭洂閰稿弽搴?/p>
灏戦噺鐨勭洂閰告椂锛?/p>
Na
2
CO
3
+HCl
锛?/p>
NaHCO
3
+NaCl
CO
3
2
锛?/p>
+H
+
锛?/p>
HCO
3
锛?/p>
NaHCO
3
锛?/p>
HCl
锛?/p>
NaCl+CO
2
鈫?H
2
O
HCO
3
锛?/p>
+H
+
锛?/p>
CO
2
鈫?H
2
O