绗簩鑺?/p>
姘寸殑鐢电鍜屾憾娑茬殑閰哥⒈鎬?/p>
(
涓�
)
鏁欏鐩殑
:
1
銆?/p>
鐭ラ亾姘寸殑绂诲瓙绉父鏁帮紝閫氳繃姘寸殑绂诲瓙绉殑璁＄畻锛屾彁楂樻湁鍏崇殑璁＄畻鑳藉姏锛屽姞娣卞姘寸殑鐢电
骞宠 鐨勮璇嗐�?/p>
2
銆侀�氳繃姘寸殑鐢电骞宠 鍒嗘瀽锛屾彁楂樿繍鐢ㄧ數绂诲钩琛″熀鏈寰嬪垎鏋愰棶棰樺拰瑙ｅ喅闂鐨勮兘鍔涖�?/p>
3
銆侀�氳繃姘寸殑鐢电骞宠 杩囩▼涓?/p>
H+
銆?/p>
OH-
鍏崇郴鐨勫垎鏋愶紝鐞嗚В鐭涚浘鐨勫绔嬬粺涓�鐨勮京璇佸叧绯汇�?/p>
鏁欏閲嶇偣锛?/p>
姘寸殑绂诲瓙绉父鏁?/p>
鏁欏闅剧偣锛?/p>
姘寸殑绂诲瓙绉父鏁?/p>
鏁欏杩囩▼锛?/p>
鏂拌寮曞叆
锛氬湪涓婅妭璇炬垜浠涔犱簡寮虹數瑙ｈ川鍜屽急鐢佃В璐紝鐭ラ亾姘翠篃鏄竴绉嶅急鐢佃В璐ㄣ�傛�?/p>
鏍疯瘉鏄庢按涔熸槸涓�绉嶅急鐢佃В璐ㄥ憿锛熺簿纭疄楠岃〃鏄庯細
褰撴垜浠敤鐏垫晱鐢垫祦璁℃祴瀹氱函姘寸殑瀵肩數鎬х殑鏃?/p>
鍊欏彂鐜扮函姘翠篃鑳藉寰急鐨勫鐢点�?/p>
鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾鐗╀綋瑕佸鐢佃涔堝叿鏈夎兘澶熻嚜鐢辩Щ鍔ㄧ殑鐢靛瓙锛?/p>
瑕佷箞鏈?/p>
鑷敱绉诲姩鐨勯槾銆?/p>
闃崇瀛愩�?/p>
鑰岀函姘存槸涓�绉嶉潪閲戝睘鍖栧悎鐗╋紝涓嶅彲鑳藉瓨鍦ㄨ嚜鐢辩Щ鍔ㄧ殑鐢靛瓙锛屾墍浠ュ彧
鑳借鏄庣函姘翠腑瀛樺湪鐫�灏戦噺鐨勯槾闃崇瀛愩�?/p>
閭ｇ函姘翠腑鐨勯槾闃崇瀛愬埌搴曟槸浠�涔堢瀛愬憿锛熷疄闄呬笂绾按涓殑姘村垎瀛愯兘澶熼儴鍒嗗彂鐢熺數绂伙紝
姘?/p>
鍒嗗瓙鍙戠敓鐢电鍚庝骇鐢熺殑绂诲瓙鍒嗗埆鏄?/p>
H
3
O
+
鍜?/p>
OH
鈥?
銆?/p>
铏界劧姘村垎瀛愯兘澶熷彂鐢熺數绂伙紝
浣嗘槸鍙戠敓鐢电鐨勭殑姘村垎瀛愭墍鍗犳瘮渚嬪緢灏忥紝
鎵�浠ユ按鏄竴绉嶆瀬寮辩數瑙?/p>
璐紝瀛樺湪鏈夌數绂诲钩琛★細
1
銆?/p>
H
2
O + H
2
O
H
3
O
锛?/p>
+ OH
-
绠�鍐欙細
H
2
O
H
锛?/p>
+ OH
-
锛昏锛?/p>
涓庡寲瀛﹀钩琛′竴鏍凤紝褰撶數绂昏揪鍒板钩琛℃椂锛岀數绂讳骇鐗?/p>
H
锛?
鍜?/p>
OH
鈥?
娴撳害涔嬬Н涓庢湭鐢电鐨?/p>
H
2
O
鐨?/p>
娴撳害涔嬫瘮涔熸槸涓�涓父鏁般�?/p>
2
銆?/p>
H
2
O
鐨勭數绂诲父鏁?/p>
K
鐢电
锛濓紳
O)
C(H
)
C(OH
)
C(H
2
-
鈥?/p>
飥?/p>
[
璁?/p>
]
瀹為獙娴嬪緱鍦?/p>
25鈩冩椂锛?/p>
1L
绾按
(
鍗?/p>
55.6
mol)
鍙湁
1脳
10
锛?/p>
7
mol
H
2
O
鐢电锛屽洜姝ょ函姘翠腑
c
锛?/p>
H
锛?
锛夛紳
c
锛?/p>
OH
锛?/p>
锛夛紳
1脳
10
锛?/p>
7
mol/L
銆傜敱浜庢按鐨勭數绂绘瀬鍏跺井寮憋紝鎵�浠ョ數绂诲墠鍚?/p>
H
2
O
鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忓嚑
涔庝笉鍙橈紝
c
锛?/p>
H
2
O
锛夊彲浠ョ湅鍋氭槸涓父鏁帮紝鍒欐湁
C(H
锛?
)
路
C(OH
鈥?
)==K
鐢电
路
C(H
2
O)
銆傚悓鏍凤紝娓╁害
涓嶅彉鐨勬椂鍊?/p>
K
鐢电
涔熸槸涓父鏁帮紝甯告暟
K
鐢电
涓庡父鏁?/p>
C(H
2
O)
鐨勭Н浣滀负涓�鏂扮殑甯告暟锛屽彨鍋氭按鐨勭瀛?/p>
绉父鏁帮紝绠�绉版按鐨勭瀛愮Н甯告暟锛岀畝绉版按鐨勭瀛愮Н锛岃浣?/p>
K
W
锛屽嵆
K
W
=
c
锛?/p>
H
锛?
锛?/p>
路
c
锛?/p>
OH
锛?
锛?/p>
3
銆佹按鐨勭瀛愮Н锛?/p>
25鈩?/p>
K
W
=
c
锛?/p>
H
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
路
c
锛?/p>
OH
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
==1.0
脳
10
锛?/p>
14
銆?/p>
鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾寮辩數瑙ｈ川鐨勭數绂讳細鍙楀緢澶氬鐣屽洜绱犵殑褰卞搷锛?/p>
閭ｅ埌搴曟湁鍝簺鍥犵礌鍛紵鐢佃В璐ㄧ殑鐢电杩?/p>
绋嬫槸涓�涓惛鐑殑杩囩▼锛?/p>
鎵�浠ユ俯搴﹀姘寸殑鐢电鑲畾浼氫骇鐢熷奖鍝嶃�?/p>
鍗囬珮娓╁害锛?/p>
姘寸殑鐢电骞宠 鍙崇Щ锛?/p>
鐢电绋嬪害澧炲ぇ锛?/p>
C(H
锛?
)
鍜?/p>
C(OH
鈥?
)
鍚屾椂澧炲ぇ锛?/p>
K
W
澧炲ぇ锛屼絾鐢变簬
C(H
锛?
)
鍜?/p>
C(OH
鈥?
)
濮嬬粓淇濇寔鐩哥瓑锛?/p>
鏁呬粛鍛堜腑鎬с�?/p>