绮惧搧鏂囨。
绮惧搧鏂囨。
Lecture One
On Verse Translation
I. Part One: On Verse Translation
1.
Marcus Tullius Cicero (
椹皵搴撴柉路鍥剧暀鏂疯タ濉炵綏锛?/p>
106 B.C.-43 B.C.)[
鑽烽┈鍙茶瘲銆婂ゥ寰?/p>
璧涖�嬭瘧鑰?/p>
]
His opinions on translation:
Translate not as an interpreter, but as an orator, keeping the same ideas and forms,
namely, the figures of thought;
In language, conform to our usage; not hold it necessary to render word for word,
but preserve the general style and force of the language;
Count the words out to the reader like coins, but pay them by weight;
Translate flexibly to make the version superior to the original.
2.
Quintus Horatius flaccus (
璐烘媺鏂紝
65 B.C.-8 B.C.)[
璇椾汉銆佺炕璇戝
]
His opinions on translation:
Do not be a literal translator, faithfully rendering word for word from the original
language;
A translator who is faithful to the original will not translate word for word.
3. St. Jerome (347?-420)
In literary translation, he translated the original into his own language by conquest.
4. Gavin Douglas (1475-1522) [A famous Scot poet and literary translator]
Flexible and free translation rather than literal translation;
5. Nicolas Grimald (1519-1562) [A poet and translator;
A translator of Cicero鈥檚 works
]
The Version should be as concise as the original so as to keep the complete original style;
The faithfulness to the original should be the top principle of translation;
6. George Chapman (1559-1634) [poet, translator of Greek classics]
Against rigid word-for-word translation;
Against over-free translation. (two extremes)
7.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832)
Translate the poetry in essay style;
(What is the essence of poetry? Something left after the original poem has been
translated into the version in the form of essay; the poetic form is nothing but shining
outer ornament or decoration.)
8.
John
Denham
(1615-1669)
[A
famous
translator
in
the
17
th
century;A
poet
and
literary critics]
No faithfulness in verse translation;
Translate poetry in form of poetry;
Faithful to the original meaning rather than the original form;
Add
something
new
to
compensate
for
the
loss
aroused
by
the
alteration
of
the