绗竴绔?/p>
缁撴櫠瀛﹀熀纭�
绗簩绔?/p>
鏅朵綋缁撴瀯涓庢櫠浣撲腑鐨勭己闄?/p>
1
鍚嶈瘝瑙ｉ噴锛氶厤浣嶆暟涓庨厤浣嶄綋锛屽悓璐ㄥ鏅躲�佺被璐ㄥ悓鏅朵笌澶氭櫠杞彉锛屼綅绉绘�ц浆鍙樹笌閲嶅缓鎬ц浆鍙橈紝鏅朵綋鍦虹悊璁?/p>
涓庨厤浣嶅満鐞嗚銆傛櫠绯汇�佹櫠鑳炪�佹櫠鑳炲弬鏁般�佺┖闂寸偣闃点�佺背鍕掓寚鏁帮紙鏅堕潰鎸囨暟锛夈�佺瀛愭櫠浣撶殑鏅舵牸鑳姐�佸師瀛愬崐
寰勪笌绂诲瓙鍗婂緞銆佺瀛愭瀬鍖栥�佹灏栨櫠鐭充笌鍙嶆灏栨櫠鐭炽�佸弽钀ょ煶缁撴瀯銆侀搧鐢垫晥搴斻�佸帇鐢垫晥搴?/p>
.
绛旓細閰嶄綅鏁帮細鏅朵綋缁撴瀯涓笌涓�涓瀛愮洿鎺ョ浉閭荤殑寮傚彿绂诲瓙鏁般�?/p>
閰嶄綅浣擄細鏅朵綋缁撴瀯涓笌鏌愪竴涓槼绂诲瓙鐩存帴鐩搁偦銆佸舰鎴愰厤浣嶅叧绯荤殑鍚勪釜闃寸瀛愪腑蹇冭繛绾挎墍鏋勬垚鐨勫闈綋銆?/p>
鍚岃川澶氭櫠锛氬悓涓�鍖栧缁勬垚鍦ㄤ笉鍚屽鐣屾潯浠朵笅锛堟俯搴︺�佸帇鍔涖�?/p>
pH
鍊肩瓑锛夛紝缁撴櫠鎴愪负涓ょ浠ヤ笂涓嶅悓缁撴瀯鏅朵綋鐨?/p>
鐜拌薄銆?/p>
澶氭櫠杞彉锛氬綋澶栫晫鏉′欢鏀瑰彉鍒颁竴瀹氱▼搴︽椂锛屽悇绉嶅彉浣撲箣闂村彂鐢熺粨鏋勮浆鍙橈紝浠庝竴绉嶅彉浣撹浆鍙樻垚涓哄彟涓�绉嶅彉浣?/p>
鐨勭幇璞°�?/p>
浣嶇Щ鎬ц浆鍙橈細涓嶆墦寮�浠讳綍閿紝涔熶笉鏀瑰彉鍘熷瓙鏈�閭昏繎鐨勯厤浣嶆暟锛屼粎浠呬娇缁撴瀯鍙戠敓鐣稿彉锛屽師瀛愪粠鍘熸潵浣嶇疆鍙戠敓
灏戣浣嶇Щ锛屼娇娆＄骇閰嶄綅鏈夋墍鏀瑰彉鐨勪竴绉嶅鏅惰浆鍙樺舰寮忋�?/p>
閲嶅缓鎬ц浆鍙橈細鐮村潖鍘熸湁鍘熷瓙闂村寲瀛﹂敭锛屾敼鍙樺師瀛愭渶閭昏繎閰嶄綅鏁帮紝浣挎櫠浣撶粨鏋勫畬鍏ㄦ敼鍙樺師鏍风殑涓�绉嶅鏅惰浆鍙?/p>
褰㈠紡銆?/p>
鏅朵綋鍦虹悊璁猴細璁や负鍦ㄦ櫠浣撶粨鏋勪腑锛屼腑蹇冮槼绂诲瓙涓庨厤浣嶄綋涔嬮棿鏄瀛愰敭锛屼笉瀛樺湪鐢靛瓙杞ㄩ亾鐨勯噸杩紝骞跺皢閰嶄綅
浣撲綔涓虹偣鐢佃嵎鏉ュ鐞嗙殑鐞嗚銆?/p>
閰嶄綅鍦虹悊璁猴細闄や簡鑰冭檻鍒扮敱閰嶄綅浣撴墍寮曡捣鐨勭函闈欑數鏁堝簲浠ュ锛岃繕鑰冭檻浜嗗叡浠锋垚閿殑鏁堝簲鐨勭悊璁?/p>
鍥?/p>
2-1 MgO
鏅朵綋涓笉鍚屾櫠闈㈢殑姘х瀛愭帓甯冪ず鎰忓浘
2
闈㈡帓鍒楀瘑搴︾殑瀹氫箟涓猴細鍦ㄥ钩闈笂鐞冧綋鎵�鍗犵殑闈㈢Н鍒嗘暟銆?/p>
锛?/p>
a
锛夌敾鍑?/p>
MgO
锛?/p>
NaCl
鍨嬶級鏅朵綋锛?/p>
111
锛夈�侊紙
110
锛夊拰锛?/p>
100
锛夋櫠闈笂鐨勫師瀛愭帓甯冨浘锛?/p>
锛?/p>
b
锛夎绠楄繖涓変釜鏅堕潰鐨勯潰鎺掑垪瀵嗗害銆?/p>
瑙ｏ細
MgO
鏅朵綋涓?/p>
O2-
鍋氱揣瀵嗗爢绉紝
Mg2+
濉厖鍦ㄥ叓闈綋绌洪殭涓�?/p>
锛?/p>
a
锛夛紙
111
锛夈�侊紙
110
锛夊拰锛?/p>
100
锛夋櫠闈笂鐨勬哀绂诲瓙鎺掑竷鎯呭喌濡傚浘
2-1
鎵�绀恒�?/p>
锛?/p>
b
锛夊湪闈㈠績绔嬫柟绱у瘑鍫嗙Н鐨勫崟浣嶆櫠鑳炰腑锛?/p>
r
a
2
2
0
飥?/p>
锛?/p>
111
锛夐潰锛氶潰鎺掑垪瀵嗗害
=
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飦?/p>
飦?/p>
907
.
0
3
2
/
2
/
2
/
3
4
/
2
2
2
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飩?/p>
飦?/p>
飦?/p>
r
r
锛?/p>
110
锛夐潰锛氶潰鎺掑垪瀵嗗害
=
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飦?/p>
飦?
555
.
0
2
4
/
2
2
4
/
2
2
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飩?/p>
飦?/p>
飦?/p>
r
r
r
锛?/p>
100
锛夐潰锛氶潰鎺掑垪瀵嗗害
=
飥?/p>
飥?
785
.
0
4
/
2
2
/
2
2
2
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飪?/p>
飪?
飪?/p>
飪?/p>
飪?/p>
飪?/p>
飦?/p>
飦?/p>
r
r
3
銆佸凡鐭?/p>
Mg
2+
鍗婂緞涓?/p>
0.072nm
锛?/p>
O
2-
鍗婂緞涓?/p>
0.140nm
锛岃绠?/p>
MgO
鏅朵綋缁撴瀯鐨勫爢绉郴鏁颁笌瀵嗗害銆?/p>
瑙ｏ細
MgO
涓?/p>
NaCl
鍨嬶紝
O
2-
鍋氬瘑鍫嗙Н锛?/p>
Mg
2+
濉厖绌洪殭銆?/p>
r
O2-
=0.140nm
锛?/p>
r
Mg2+
=0.072nm
锛?/p>
z=4
锛?/p>
鏅惰優涓川鐐逛綋绉細
(4/3鲁
蟺
r
O2-
3
+4/3鲁
蟺
r
Mg2+
3)鲁4锛?/p>
a=2(r
+
+r
-
)
锛屾櫠鑳炰綋绉?/p>
=a
3
锛屽爢绉郴鏁?/p>
=
鏅惰優涓?/p>
MgO
浣撶Н
/
鏅惰優浣撶Н
=68.5%
锛屽瘑搴?/p>
=
鏅惰優
涓?/p>
MgO
璐ㄩ噺
/
鏅惰優浣撶Н
=3.49g/cm
3
銆?/p>
4
銆侊紙
1
锛変竴鏅堕潰鍦?/p>
x
銆?/p>
y
銆?/p>
z
杞翠笂鐨勬埅璺濆垎鍒负
2a
銆?/p>
3b
銆?/p>
6c
锛屾眰鍑鸿鏅堕潰鐨勭背鍕掓寚鏁帮紱锛?/p>
2
锛変竴鏅堕潰鍦?/p>
x
銆?/p>
y
銆?/p>
z
杞翠笂鐨勬埅璺濆垎鍒负
a/3
銆?/p>
b/2
銆?/p>
c
锛屾眰鍑鸿鏅堕潰鐨勭背鍕掓寚鏁般�?/p>
瑙ｏ細锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
h:k:l=1/2:1/3:1/6=3:2:1,
鈭磋鏅堕潰鐨勭背鍕掓寚鏁颁负锛?/p>
321
锛夛紱锛?/p>
2
锛夛紙
321
锛?/p>
5
璇曡瘉鏄庣瓑寰勭悆浣撳叚鏂圭揣瀵嗗爢绉殑鍏柟鏅惰優鐨勮酱姣?/p>
c/a鈮?.633銆?/p>
璇佹槑锛氬叚鏂圭揣瀵嗗爢绉殑鏅惰優涓紝
a
杞翠笂涓や釜鐞冪洿鎺ョ浉閭伙紝
a0=2r
锛?/p>
c
杞存柟鍚戜笂锛屼腑闂寸殑涓�涓悆鍒嗗埆涓庝笂銆佷笅
鍚勪笁涓悆绱у瘑鎺ヨЕ锛屽舰鎴愬洓闈綋锛屽鍥?/p>
2-2
鎵�绀猴細