绗簩绔?/p>
妞嶇墿鐨勬按鍒嗙敓鐞嗗涔犳�濊�冮涓庣瓟妗?/p>
(
涓�
)
鍚嶈瘝瑙ｉ噴
鏉熺細姘?/p>
(bound water)
涓庣粏鑳炵粍鍒嗙揣瀵嗙粨鍚堜笉鑳借嚜鐢辩Щ鍔ㄣ�佷笉鏄撹捀鍙戞暎澶辩殑姘淬�?/p>
鑷敱姘?/p>
(free water)
涓庣粏鑳炵粍鍒嗕箣闂村惛闄勫姏杈冨急
,
鍙互鑷敱绉诲姩鐨勬按銆?/p>
鍖栧鍔?/p>
(chemical potential)
鍋忔懇灏旇嚜鐢辫兘琚О涓哄寲瀛﹀娍锛?/p>
浠ュ笇鑵婂瓧姣嵨艰〃绀?/p>
,
缁勫垎
j
鐨勫寲瀛?/p>
鍔?/p>
(
渭
j)
涓猴細渭
j=( G/ nj)t.p. ni.ni
鈮?/p>
nj
锛屽叾鍚箟鏄細鍦ㄧ瓑娓╃瓑鍘嬩繚鎸佸叾瀹冪粍鍒嗕笉鍙樻椂锛屼綋绯昏嚜鐢辫兘
闅忕粍鍒?/p>
j
鐨勬懇灏斿彉鍖栫巼銆傛崲鍙ヨ瘽璇达紝鍦ㄤ竴涓簽澶х殑浣撶郴涓紝鍦ㄧ瓑娓╃瓑鍘嬩互鍙婁繚鎸佸叾浠栧悇缁勫垎娴?/p>
搴︿笉鍙樻椂锛屽姞鍏?/p>
1
鎽╁皵
j
鐗╄川鎵�寮曡捣浣撶郴鑷敱鑳界殑澧為噺銆?/p>
浣撶郴鍐?/p>
j
缁勫垎鐨勫寲瀛﹀娍渭
j
鍒欑敤涓嬪紡鍚勯」涔嬪拰琛ㄧず锛?/p>
渭
j
锛澪?/p>
o-j
锛?/p>
RTlna j
锛?/p>
Z j FE
锛?/p>
Vj,mP
锛?/p>
m j gh
寮忎腑渭
o-j:
鏍囧噯鐘舵�佷笅浣撶郴鍐?/p>
j
缁勫垎鐨勫寲瀛﹀娍锛?/p>
R:
姘斾綋甯告暟锛?/p>
T:
缁濆娓╁害锛?/p>
a j:
鐗╄川
j
鐨勭浉瀵?/p>
娲诲害锛?/p>
Z
j:
鐗╄川
j
鎵�甯︾數鑽锋暟锛?/p>
F:
娉曟媺绗父鏁帮紱
E
锛氱墿璐?/p>
j
鎵�澶勪綋绯荤殑鐢靛娍锛?/p>
Vj,m:
鐗╄川
j
鐨勫亸
鎽╁皵浣撶Н锛?/p>
P:
鍘嬪姏锛堟垨婧舵恫闈欐按鍘嬪姏锛?/p>
锛?/p>
g:
閲嶅姏鍔犻�熷害锛?/p>
h:
浣撶郴鐨勯珮搴︼紱
m j:
鐗╄川
j
鐨勬懇灏旇川閲忋�?/p>
閫氬父灏嗗寘鎷數椤?/p>
ZjFE
鐨勎?/p>
j
绉颁负鐢靛寲瀛﹀娍
锛?/p>
electrochemical potential)
锛?/p>
鑰屽皢涓嶅寘鎷數椤癸紝
鍗崇墿璐?/p>
j
涓嶅甫鐢佃嵎鎴栫數鍔?/p>
E
涓?/p>
0
锛?/p>
鍗?/p>
ZjFE
锛?/p>
0
鐨勎?/p>
j
绉颁负鍖栧鍔裤�?/p>