第八ç«?/p>
介词
一、概è¿?/p>
介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词,
在句子中不能单独使用ã€?/p>
只能与名词ã€?/p>
代词等构成介词短
语,
在句中作状语ã€?/p>
后置定语ã€?/p>
表语和补语等ã€?/p>
介词的作用则是表明它后面的名词或代词
(或
相当于名词的其它词类ã€?/p>
短语或从句)与其它句子成分的关系。单音节词一般不重读ï¼?/p>
具有
两个或两个以上音节的介词有一个音节要重读ã€?/p>
-What do you want with those old boxes? --
你留着那些箱子干什么用?(作状语)
-To put things in when I move to the new flat. --
搬家时放东西用ã€?/p>
I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited.
我坐在一把有网眼的新
式椅子上等候着ã€?/p>
(作
chairs
的定语)
She is among my most welcome visitors.
她是我最欢迎的来访者之一ã€?/p>
(作表语ï¼?/p>
I found myself in hospital when I came to myself.
我醒来时发现自己躺在医院里ã€?/p>
(作宾补ï¼?/p>
二、介词的位置
1
、介词通常位于名词或代词前
The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.
阳光从天窗穿
射入,照亮了整个房间ã€?/p>
This work is beyond my grasp.
这件工作非我力所能及ã€?/p>
Shall we rest in the shade beneath these trees?
我们在树下阴凉处休息一下好吗?
2
、在某些结构中介词可以放在句å°?/p>
ï¼?/p>
1
)在特殊疑问句中
在特殊疑问句中,介词可以放在句尾,和宾语分开,但依然存在着介宾关系ã€?/p>
Who (m) were you speaking to just now?
你刚才在和谁说话ï¼?/p>
Which desk did you put the book on?
你把书放在那个桌子上了?
Who is she talking with?
她在和谁说话ï¼?/p>
注意:介词也可放在句首疑问词之前连同疑问词一起引起疑问句ã€?/p>
With whom did you go to the cinema?
你和谁一起去看电影的ï¼?/p>
Since when have you lived here?
从什么时候你住在这里ï¼?/p>
ï¼?/p>
2
)在定语从句ä¸?/p>
在定语从句中,位于关系代词之前的介词,可以放在句尾,这种情况下关系代词可以省
略;也可以放在关系代词前引导定语从句,介词不可放åœ?/p>
that
之前ã€?/p>
The room I live in is quite damp.
我住的房子很潮湿ã€?/p>
(关系代è¯?/p>
which/that
省略ï¼?/p>
= The room in which I live is quite damp. (
但不能用
in that)
He is the man whom you can turn to for help.
He is the man to whom you can turn for help.
他是你可以求助的人ã€?/p>
ï¼?/p>
3
)某äº?/p>
wh-
词引导的名词性从句中,关系代词为介词宾语位于句首时,介词后置
Money is what he is badly in need of at present.
目前,钱是他最需要的ã€?/p>
I don't know what he looks like.
我不知道他长什么样ï¼?/p>
ï¼?/p>
4
)动词不定式作状语,需要介词同句中的主语构成动宾关系时,介词后ç½?/p>
The room is comfortable to live in.
这间房子住起来和舒服ã€?/p>
The lake is safe to swim in.
在这个湖里游泳很安全ã€?/p>
The man is hard to deal with.
这个人很难对付ã€?/p>
ï¼?/p>
5
)动词不定式作定语,需要介词同不定式所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时,介词后ç½?/p>