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基于单片机的直流电动机

转速控制系统设计

This model paper was revised by the Standardization Office on December 10, 2020

河南机电高等专科学校

毕业设计（论文）

基于单片机的直流电动机转速控制系统设计

系 部: 自动控制系 专 业:电气自动化技术 班 级: 自111班 姓 名: 学 号: 指导老师: 田效伍

二零一四年四月

摘要

近年来由于微型机的快速发展，国外交直流系统数字化已经达到实用阶段。由于以微处理器为核心的数字控制系统硬件电路的标准化程度高，制作成本低，且不受器件温度漂移的影响，且单片机具有功能强、体积小、可靠性好和价格便宜等优点，现已逐渐成为工厂自动化和各控制领域的支柱之一。其控制软件能够进行逻辑判断和复杂运算，可以实现不同于一般线性调节的最优化、自适应、非线性、智能化等控制规律。所以微机数字控制系统在各个方面的性能都远远优于模拟控制系统且应用越来越广泛。 本设计以AT89S52单片机为控制核心，按照控制要求，自动地对直流电机的转速进行控制。特点是用单片机取代模拟触发器、电流调节器、速度调节器及逻辑切换等硬件设备。最后进行软件编程、调试。本数字化直流调速系统实现了电机转速的调节，并具有结构简单，控制精度高等特点，而且各项性能指标优于模拟直流调速系统，从而能够实际的应用到生产生活中，满足现代生产的需要。 关键词：单片机控制；速度检测；速度控制 ABSTRACT

As the fast development of microcomputer, AC/DC speed control system for digitization has reached the applied stage overseas. Since the hardware circuit of digital control system centered by microprocessor possesses the advantages that it has higher standardization and lower cost, and it

doesn’t be influenced by temperature drift of devices. Single chip computer has been becoming theocrat of factory automatic and all kinds of controlling field because of its good function, small volume ,and good reliability . Furthermore, the control software of digital control system can carry through logical judgment and sophisticated operation, and it has the control laws of optimality, adaptive trait, nonlinear and intelligence, which are different from the ordinary linear adjustability. In every aspects the

function of digital control system has exceeded analog control system and is being used widely.

This design is based withAT89S52single chip computer and controls

automatically the rotational speed of the direct current electric has the characteristic that the analog trigger, current regulator, rotation

regulator, logical handoff and other devices were replaced by single-chip computer; and finally put through the software programmer, testing and computer simulation. The result of real time control indicates that the

digital DC speed control system realized the constant speed adjustability of the double closed-loop of electric current and rotate speed. This system also has the specialties such as simple structure, high control accuracy, low cost and easiness to be spread. In addition, its entire performance index is better than analog DC speed control system. As a result, the digital DC speed control system could be applied into production and ordinary life to satisfy the needs of modern manufacture.

Keywords:Singlechip microcomputer control system；check the rotational speed；control the rotational speed 目 录

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