内容发布更新时间 : 2024/12/26 19:58:10星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。

2019年雅思阅读全真模拟题：幸福的科学解释

Can Scientists tell us： What happiness is? A

Economists accept that if people describe themselves as happy, then they

are happy. However, psychologists differentiate between levels of happiness. The

most immediate type involves a feeling; pleasure or joy. But sometimes happiness

is a judgment that life is satisfying, and does not imply an emotional state.

Esteemed psychologist Martin Seligman has spearheaded an effort to study the

science of happiness. The bad news is that we're not wired to be happy. The good

news is that we can do something about it. Since its origins in a Leipzig

laboratory 130 years ago, psychology has had little to say about goodness and

contentment. Mostly psychologists have concerned themselves with weakness and

misery. There are libraries full of theories about why we get sad, worried, and

angry. It hasn't been respectable science to study what happens when lives go

well. Positive experiences, such as joy, kindness, altruism and heroism, have

mainly been ignored. For every 100 psychology papers dealing with anxiety or

depression, only one concerns a positive trait. B

A few pioneers in experimental psychology bucked the trend. Professor Alice

Isen of Cornell University and colleagues have demonstrated how positive

emotions make people think faster and more creatively. Showing how easy it is to

give people an intellectual boost, Isen divided doctors making a tricky

diagnosis into three groups： one received candy, one read humanistic statements

about medicine, one was a control group. The doctors who had candy displayed the

most creative thinking and worked more efficiently. Inspired by Isen and others,

Seligman got stuck in. He raised millions of dollars of research money and

funded 50 research groups involving 150 scientists across the world. Four

positive psychology centres opened, decorated in cheerful colours and furnished

with sofas and baby-sitters. There were get-togethers on Mexican beaches where

psychologists would snorkel and eat fajitas, then form \to discuss

subjects such as wonder and awe. A thousand therapists were coached in the new science. C

But critics are demanding answers to big questions. What is the point of

defining levels of happiness and classifying the virtues? Aren't these concepts

vague and impossible to pin down? Can you justify spending funds to research

positive states when there are problems such as famine, flood and epidemic

depression to be solved? Seligman knows his work can be belittled alongside

trite notions such as \plan to stop the new